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instructional_design:concept_mapping [2011/08/23 15:14] jpetrovic [General] |
instructional_design:concept_mapping [2011/08/24 10:02] jpetrovic [General] |
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===== General ===== | ===== General ===== | ||
- | Concept mapping is a [[learning_paradigms:|cognitivist learning model]] developed by [[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]] and his colleagues in 1972 as they worked on understanding how children's knowledge of science changes(([[http://aer.sagepub.com/content/28/1/117.abstract|Novak, J. D., & Musonda, D. A Twelve-Year Longitudinal Study of Science Concept Learning. American Educational Research Journal, 28(1), 117-153. 1991.]])). Some of the first concept maps were, however, proposed by some other authors as well(([[http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ201881|Stewart, J., Van Kirk, J., & Rowell, R. Concept maps: A tool for use in biology teaching. American Biology Teacher, 41(3), 171-175. 1979.]])), but concept maps in their fullest form were introduced by Novak in 1981(([[http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ239394|Novak, J. Applying learning psychology and philosophy to biology teaching. The American Biology Teacher, 43(1), 12 – 20. 1981.]])). In Novak's words, concept map is | + | Concept mapping is a [[learning_paradigms:|cognitivist instructional design model]] developed by [[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]] and his colleagues in 1972 as they worked on understanding how children's knowledge of science changes(([[http://aer.sagepub.com/content/28/1/117.abstract|Novak, J. D., & Musonda, D. A Twelve-Year Longitudinal Study of Science Concept Learning. American Educational Research Journal, 28(1), 117-153. 1991.]])). Some of the first concept maps were, however, proposed by some other authors as well(([[http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ201881|Stewart, J., Van Kirk, J., & Rowell, R. Concept maps: A tool for use in biology teaching. American Biology Teacher, 41(3), 171-175. 1979.]])), but concept maps in their fullest form were introduced by Novak in 1981(([[http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ239394|Novak, J. Applying learning psychology and philosophy to biology teaching. The American Biology Teacher, 43(1), 12 – 20. 1981.]])). In Novak's words, concept map is a |
- | * "//a **visual representation of the relationships between concepts** held by an individual, materials of a lecture, textbook, or laboratory exercise//. By concept mapping even old and familiar material, we often recognize new relationships and meaning."(([[http://uwf.edu/jgould/ConceptMappingIntro.pdf|Novak, J. D. Introduction to concept mapping.]])) Novak's works were influenced by [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel]]'s [[learning_theories:assimilation theory]]. | + | * "//**visual representation of the relationships between concepts** held by an individual, materials of a lecture, textbook, or laboratory exercise. By concept mapping even old and familiar material, we often recognize new relationships and meaning.//"(([[http://uwf.edu/jgould/ConceptMappingIntro.pdf|Novak, J. D. Introduction to concept mapping.]])) |
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+ | Novak's ideas were influenced by [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel]]'s [[learning_theories:assimilation theory]](([[http://cmap.ihmc.us/Publications/ResearchPapers/TheoryCmaps/TheoryUnderlyingConceptMaps.htm|Novak, J. D, and A. J Canas. The theory underlying concept maps and how to construct and use them. Technical Report IHMC CmapTools, 2008.]])). | ||
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Concepts maps were first meant to be used in science education. Today they are used in other areas as well, as they can help both teachers and students. | Concepts maps were first meant to be used in science education. Today they are used in other areas as well, as they can help both teachers and students. | ||
- | Concepts maps can help a teacher to **identify and organize concepts** he is about **to teach** and * gain **insight to what the students already know** or how they view the topic from concept maps drawn by the students, so he knows what should be taught next. A teacher can also use them to(([[http://www.flaguide.org/cat/conmap/conmap7.php|Zeilik, M. Classroom Assessment Techniques: Concept Mapping.]])): | + | Concepts maps can help a teacher to **identify and organize concepts** he is about **to teach** and gain **insight to what the students already know** or how they view the topic from concept maps drawn by the students, so he knows what should be taught next. A teacher can also use them to(([[http://www.flaguide.org/cat/conmap/conmap7.php|Zeilik, M. Classroom Assessment Techniques: Concept Mapping.]])): |
* teach terms, facts, and concepts of given topic, | * teach terms, facts, and concepts of given topic, | ||
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* was designed mostly to represent declarative and **not procedural knowledge** or algorithms, | * was designed mostly to represent declarative and **not procedural knowledge** or algorithms, | ||
- | * is a rather **difficult** and sometimes **time-consuming cognitive task** which requires training. | + | * is a rather **difficult** and sometimes **time-consuming cognitive task** which requires training, and |
+ | * there is no standardized way of scoring/comparing concept maps(([[file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/jpetrovic.WIN/Application%20Data/Mozilla/Firefox/Profiles/e7cnrf3r.default/zotero/storage/7Z7B9JXU/refined_concept_maps.pdf|Kharatmal, Meena, and G. Nagarjuna. A proposal to refine concept mapping for effective science learning. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Concept Mapping, 2006.]])). | ||