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--- instructional_design:problem-based_learning [2011/01/27 16:46]
jpetrovic [Problem-Based Learning]
+++ instructional_design:problem-based_learning [2011/04/20 13:24]
jpetrovic [What is problem-based learning?]
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Problem-Based Learning ======
-Problem-based learning is a instructional strategy which suggests learning will be more effective if **learners are faced with a practical problem** they need to solve.
-One of most commonly cited examples of this kind problem-based learning was applied in 1960s in Canada. At the McMaster University it was noted that medical education students were mostly bored during their classes, until they reached a stage where they were supposed to work with patients and try to help them solve their problems. It was then decided that biomedical problems, analyzed in small groups would be introduced into whole educational process.
+===== General =====
-Problem-based learning is **learner-orientated** and **role of the teacher** here is not to provide knowledge, but to **guide and facilitate the learning process** and encourage students apply their knowledge and take responsibility in new situations.
+Problem-based learning is an instructional strategy which suggests learning will be more effective if **learners are faced with a real-life practical problem** they need to solve. One of the first and most commonly cited examples of problem-based learning was introduced in 1960s medical education in Canada.
+===== What is problem-based learning? =====
+In the 1960s at the McMaster University in Canada it was noted that medical education students were mostly bored during their classes, until they reached a stage where they were supposed to work with patients and try to help them solve their problems. It was then decided that biomedical problems, analyzed in small groups would be introduced into whole educational process, what remained a practice until today(([[http://www.extension.usask.ca/cjuce/articles/v34pdf/3426.pdf|Jubien, P. Problem-Based Learning in Canadian Undergraduate and Continuing Medical Education. Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education 34, no. 2: 111–125. 2008.]])) and has also spread to other medical schools as well as other fields like nursing, law, engineering, management, business administration and other(([[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tl.37219966804/pdf|Barrows, Howard S. Problem‐based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief overview. New Directions for Teaching and Learning 1996, no. 68: 3-12. December 1, 1996.]]))(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=z0c9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Challenge+of++Problem-Based+Learning&hl=hr&ei=6cCuTceROszrOd6jge4B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Boud, D. J., & Felleti, G. (eds.). The Challenge of  Problem-Based Learning. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991.]])).
+Although problem-based learning can be implemented on a variety of ways, its main characteristics are the following:
+ is **learner-orientated** and **role of the teacher** here is not to provide knowledge, but to **guide and facilitate the learning process** and encourage students apply their knowledge and take responsibility in new situations.
 A possible **flow of a problem-based learning course** includes the following tasks from the students:
@@ Line 16: / Line 24: @@
   * **review** what they have learned
-Problem-based learning can be a helpful method in the educational process, but it can also be viewed as  a total education strategy, as described by Barrett et al in "Handbook of Enquiry and Problem-Based Learning".
+Problem-based learning can be a helpful method in the educational process, but it can also be viewed as a **total education strategy**, as described by Barrett et al in "Handbook of Enquiry and Problem-Based Learning".
+Different experimental results have been obtained using problem-based learning, but generally showing not much difference in declarative knowledge in students learning through problem-based design and those not using it. Still, there is evidence that problem-based learning **supports development of reasoning skills, problem-solving skills and self-directed learning skills**((For details see: [[http://www.cogtech.usc.edu/publications/hmelo_ep07.pdf|Hmelo-Silver, C. E, R. G Duncan, and C. A Chinn. "Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark. 2006]])).
+===== What is the practical meaning problem-based learning? =====
+===== Criticisms =====
-Different experimental results have been obtained using problem-based learning, but generally showing not much difference in declarative knowledge in students learning through problem-based design and those not using it. Still, there is evidence that problem-based learning supports development of reasoning skills, problem-solving skills and self-directed learning skills((For details see: )).
+===== Keywords and most important names =====
 ===== Bibliography =====

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