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--- instructional_design:problem-based_learning [2011/04/20 15:25]
jpetrovic [What is problem-based learning?]
+++ instructional_design:problem-based_learning [2011/04/20 15:42]
jpetrovic [What is problem-based learning?]
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
   * Problem-based learning is a **learner-oriented approach**. "//Under the guidance of a tutor... the students must take **responsibility for their own learning**, identifying what they need to know to better understand and manage the problem on which they are working and determining where they will get that information...//"(([[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tl.37219966804/pdf|Barrows, Howard S. Problem‐based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief overview. New Directions for Teaching and Learning 1996, no. 68: 3-12. December 1, 1996.]]))
-  * Learning occurs in **small groups** with usually less than ten members and collaboration with other learners is necessary.
+  * Learning occurs in **small groups** with usually 5-8 members and collaboration with other learners is necessary.
   * Teacher has the role of a facilitator. Not by correcting students or providing them knowledge and guidance but by **asking questions** that the learners should be asking themselves in order to better understand the subject and by encouraging them to **apply their knowledge**.
   * New (possibly interdisciplinary) information is acquired through **self-directed learning** and has to be applied on the problem.
   * The **problem** learners are dealing with must be similar to **real-world** problems, **motivating** and **ill-defined** to enable multiple hypotheses to be constructed.
-A possible **flow** of a problem-based learning course includes the following tasks from the students:
+A possible **flow** of a problem-based learning course expects the following tasks from the students:
-  * be **presented with a problem**
+  * be **presented with a problem** with characteristics described above,
-  * **discuss**, clarify the problem and develop a plan for further working on the problem
+  * **discuss**, clarify the problem (activate prior knowledge(())) and develop a plan for further working on the problem,
-  * **work on the problem independently**
+  * **work on the problem independently** and learn through self-discovery,
-  * **share and discuss** their individual approaches and work together
+  * **share and discuss** their individual approaches and work together,
-  * **present their solutions**
+  * **present their solutions** to the problem, and
-  * **review** what they have learned
+  * **review** what they have learned.
-Problem-based learning can be a helpful method in the educational process, but it can also be viewed as a **total education strategy**.
+Problem-based learning can be a helpful method in the educational process, but it can also be viewed as a **total education strategy**(([[http://www.nuigalway.ie/celt/pblbook/|Barrett, Terry, Iain Mac Labhrainn, and Helen Fallon. Handbook of Enquiry and Problem-Based Learning: Irish Case Studies and International Perspectives. CELT, NUI Galway, 2006.]])).
-Different experimental results have been obtained using problem-based learning, but generally showing not much difference in declarative knowledge in students learning through problem-based design and those not using it. Still, there is evidence that problem-based learning **supports development of reasoning skills, problem-solving skills and self-directed learning skills**((For details see: [[http://www.cogtech.usc.edu/publications/hmelo_ep07.pdf|Hmelo-Silver, C. E, R. G Duncan, and C. A Chinn. "Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark. 2006]])).
+Different experimental results have been obtained using problem-based learning, but generally showing not much difference in declarative knowledge in students learning through problem-based design and those using classical teaching methods. Still, there is evidence that problem-based learning **supports development of reasoning skills, problem-solving skills and self-directed learning skills**((For details see: [[http://www.cogtech.usc.edu/publications/hmelo_ep07.pdf|Hmelo-Silver, C. E, R. G Duncan, and C. A Chinn. "Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark. 2006]])).
 ===== What is the practical meaning problem-based learning? =====

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