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instructional_design:programmed_instruction [2011/07/15 15:48] jpetrovic [General] |
instructional_design:programmed_instruction [2011/07/15 15:48] jpetrovic [General] |
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===== General ===== | ===== General ===== | ||
- | Although first ideas on **instruction automation** can be tracked to even earlier years(([[http://www.springerlink.com/content/w8711256732774h7/|McDonald, Jason K., Stephen C. Yanchar, and Russell T. Osguthorpe. Learning from programmed instruction: Examining implications for modern instructional technology. Educational Technology Research and Development 53, no. 2: 84-98. June 2005.]])), first notable steps in programmed instruction were taken by [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2332/Pressey-Sidney-L-1888-1979.html|Sidney Pressey]]((Pressey, S. L. A simple apparatus which gives tests and scores - and teaches. School and Society 23, no. 586: 373-376, 1926.)) in 1920s and further developed by [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]] in the mid-1950s. In Pressey's words, the teacher is | + | Although first ideas on **instruction automation** can be tracked to even earlier years(([[http://www.springerlink.com/content/w8711256732774h7/|McDonald, Jason K., Stephen C. Yanchar, and Russell T. Osguthorpe. Learning from programmed instruction: Examining implications for modern instructional technology. Educational Technology Research and Development 53, no. 2: 84-98. June 2005.]])), first notable steps in programmed instruction were taken by [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2332/Pressey-Sidney-L-1888-1979.html|Sidney Pressey]]((Pressey, S. L. A simple apparatus which gives tests and scores - and teaches. School and Society 23, no. 586: 373-376, 1926.)) in the 1920s and further developed by [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]] in the mid-1950s. In Pressey's words, the teacher is |
* "... //burdened by such routine of drill and information-fixing...//", but a mechanical device device could be used to "//lift from her shoulders as much as possible of this burden and make her free for those inspirational and thought-stimulating activities which are, presumably, the real function of the teacher.//"((Pressey, S. L. A simple apparatus which gives tests and scores - and teaches. School and Society 23, no. 586: 373-376, 1926.)) | * "... //burdened by such routine of drill and information-fixing...//", but a mechanical device device could be used to "//lift from her shoulders as much as possible of this burden and make her free for those inspirational and thought-stimulating activities which are, presumably, the real function of the teacher.//"((Pressey, S. L. A simple apparatus which gives tests and scores - and teaches. School and Society 23, no. 586: 373-376, 1926.)) |