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--- learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/10 16:01]
jpetrovic [Learning theories:]
+++ learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/21 10:29]
jpetrovic [Behaviorist learning theories:]
@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ===== About behaviorism =====
-Some of the oldest learning theories belong to the behaviorism as [[..:learning_paradigms:|learning paradigm]] and date back from the beginning of the 20th century. The key component to this paradigm are **observable behaviors and their measuring**.
+Some of the oldest learning theories belong to the behaviorism as [[..:learning_paradigms:|learning paradigm]] and date back from the beginning of the 20th century. The key component to this paradigm are **stimulus-response** (S-R) events resulting in **observable behaviors** which can be **measured**.
 Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior.
-Influences
+This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: **behaviorism (1910-1930)** and **neobehaviorism (1930-1955)**. Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical equations) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]].
-===== Learning theories: =====
+===== Behaviorist learning theories: =====
-  * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] ([[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike]])
+Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames followed by true behaviorist learning perspectives of classical and operand conditioning.
-  * [[learning_theories:Clasicall conditioning]] ([[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]])
-  * [[learning_theories:Operant conditioning]] ([[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]])
+Sign learning appeared as first neobehaviorist theory, followed by drive reduction theory, which also incorporated idea of describing learning with intervening variables. Neobehaviorist started the transition to cognitivism and finally rejection of behaviorism as dominant learning paradigm.
-===== Other important contributors: =====
-  * [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm|John Watson]], [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike]], [[http://faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/edwardtolman.html|Edward Tolman]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike (1874 - 1949)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Clasicall Conditioning]] - [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Contiguity Theory]] [[http://www.a2zpsychology.com/great_psychologists/edwin_r_guthrie.htm|Edwin Guthrie (1886 - 1959)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] - [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904  - 1990)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Stimulus Sampling Theory ]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes|William Estes (1919 - )]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Sign Learning]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm|Edward Tolman (1886 - 1959)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Drive Reduction Theory]] - [[http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Clark_L._Hull|Clark Hull (1884 – 1952)]]
 ===== Criticisms =====
-Behaviorism today mostly **lost its influence** and let **cognitivism take its place** as the dominant paradigm. Critics of behaviorist learning usually argue that behaviorism **does not explain all kinds o learning** since it ignores inner mind activities. Behaviorism also neglects the fact that behavior also depends on learner's inner subjective representation of environment and learning history.
+Behaviorism today mostly **lost its influence** and let **cognitivism take its place** as the dominant paradigm. Critics of behaviorist learning usually argue that behaviorism:
+  * **does not explain all kinds o learning** since it ignores inner mind activities,
+  * offers a very limited view on learning since it **ignores internal factors** such as emotions or motivation,
+  * ignores fact that learning depends on learner's **inner** subjective **representation of environment and learning history**.
 ===== Bibliography =====
-[[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/|Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy: Behaviorism]]
+[[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/|Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy: Behaviorism.]]
 [[http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond.htm|Classical Conditioning - Introduction to Classical Conditioning.]]

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