learning_paradigms:behaviorism
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learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/11 15:52] jpetrovic [Criticisms] |
learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/18 14:01] jpetrovic [Behaviorist learning theories:] |
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| ===== About behaviorism ===== | ===== About behaviorism ===== | ||
| - | Some of the oldest learning theories belong to the behaviorism as [[..:learning_paradigms:|learning paradigm]] and date back from the beginning of the 20th century. The key component to this paradigm are **observable behaviors and their measuring**. | + | Some of the oldest learning theories belong to the behaviorism as [[..:learning_paradigms:|learning paradigm]] and date back from the beginning of the 20th century. The key component to this paradigm are **stimulus-response** (S-R) events resulting in **observable behaviors** which can be **measured**. |
| Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. | Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. | ||
| - | Among the below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames, classical and operand conditioning present true behaviorist learning perspectives, and sign learning form a bridge from behaviorism to cognitivism which has replaced it in the second half of 20th century. | + | This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: **behaviorism (1910 - 1930)** and **neobehaviorism (1930-1955)**. Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical equations) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]]. |
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| + | Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames. Classical and operand conditioning present true behaviorist learning perspectives, and sign learning finally forms a bridge from behaviorism to cognitivism which has replaced it in the second half of 20th century. | ||
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| + | Drive Reduction Theory | ||
| + | Discriminational Learning | ||
| + | Contiguity Theory | ||
| + | Stimulus Sampling Theory | ||
| ===== Learning theories: ===== | ===== Learning theories: ===== | ||
| - | * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] ([[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike]]) | + | * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike (1874 - 1949)]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Clasicall Conditioning]] ([[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]]) | + | * [[learning_theories:Clasicall Conditioning]] - [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936)]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] ([[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]]) | + | * [[learning_theories:Contiguity Theory]] ([[http://www.a2zpsychology.com/great_psychologists/edwin_r_guthrie.htm|Edwin Guthrie (1886 - 1959)]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Sign Learning]] ([[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm|Edward Tolman]]) | + | * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] - [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904 - 1990)]] |
| + | * [[learning_theories:Stimulus Sampling Theory ]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes|William Estes (1919 - )]] | ||
| + | ===== Neobehaviorist learning theories: ===== | ||
| + | * [[learning_theories:Sign Learning]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm|Edward Tolman (1886 - 1959)]] | ||
| + | * [[learning_theories:Drive Reduction Theory]] - [[http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Clark_L._Hull|Clark Hull (1884 – 1952)]] | ||
| + | * [[Discriminational Learning]] [[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=kspence.html|Keneth Spence (1907 - 1967)]] | ||
| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
learning_paradigms/behaviorism.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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