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learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/14 12:33] jpetrovic [Learning theories:] |
learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/18 14:01] jpetrovic [Behaviorist learning theories:] |
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Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. | Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. | ||
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+ | This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: **behaviorism (1910 - 1930)** and **neobehaviorism (1930-1955)**. Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical equations) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]]. | ||
Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames. Classical and operand conditioning present true behaviorist learning perspectives, and sign learning finally forms a bridge from behaviorism to cognitivism which has replaced it in the second half of 20th century. | Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames. Classical and operand conditioning present true behaviorist learning perspectives, and sign learning finally forms a bridge from behaviorism to cognitivism which has replaced it in the second half of 20th century. | ||
- | ===== Learning theories: ===== | ||
- | * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] ([[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike]]) | + | Drive Reduction Theory |
- | * [[learning_theories:Clasicall Conditioning]] ([[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]]) | + | Discriminational Learning |
- | * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] ([[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]]) | + | Contiguity Theory |
- | * [[learning_theories:Sign Learning]] ([[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm|Edward Tolman]]) | + | Stimulus Sampling Theory |
- | * [[learning_theories:Drive Reduction Theory]] ([[Clark Hull]]) | + | |
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+ | ===== Behaviorist learning theories: ===== | ||
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+ | * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike (1874 - 1949)]] | ||
+ | * [[learning_theories:Clasicall Conditioning]] - [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936)]] | ||
+ | * [[learning_theories:Contiguity Theory]] ([[http://www.a2zpsychology.com/great_psychologists/edwin_r_guthrie.htm|Edwin Guthrie (1886 - 1959)]] | ||
+ | * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] - [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904 - 1990)]] | ||
+ | * [[learning_theories:Stimulus Sampling Theory ]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes|William Estes (1919 - )]] | ||
+ | ===== Neobehaviorist learning theories: ===== | ||
+ | * [[learning_theories:Sign Learning]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm|Edward Tolman (1886 - 1959)]] | ||
+ | * [[learning_theories:Drive Reduction Theory]] - [[http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Clark_L._Hull|Clark Hull (1884 – 1952)]] | ||
+ | * [[Discriminational Learning]] [[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=kspence.html|Keneth Spence (1907 - 1967)]] | ||
===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== |