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--- learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/18 13:10]
jpetrovic [Learning theories:]
+++ learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/18 15:18]
jpetrovic [About behaviorism]
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior.
-Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames. Classical and operand conditioning present true behaviorist learning perspectives, and sign learning finally forms a bridge from behaviorism to cognitivism which has replaced it in the second half of 20th century.
+This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: **behaviorism (1910-1930)** and **neobehaviorism (1930-1955)**. Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical equations) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]].
-===== Learning theories: =====
+Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames followed by true behaviorist learning perspectives of classical and operand conditioning.
+Sign learning appeared as first neobehaviorist theory, followed by drive reduction theory, which also incorporated idea of describing learning with intervening variables. Drive reduction learning influenced discrimination theory. Neobehaviorist started the transition to cognitivism and finally rejection of behaviorism as dominant learning paradigm.
+===== Behaviorist learning theories: =====
   * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike (1874 - 1949)]]
   * [[learning_theories:Clasicall Conditioning]] - [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936)]]
-  * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] - [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904  - 1990)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Contiguity Theory]] ([[http://www.a2zpsychology.com/great_psychologists/edwin_r_guthrie.htm|Edwin Guthrie (1886 - 1959)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] - [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904  - 1990)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Stimulus Sampling Theory ]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes|William Estes (1919 - )]]
+===== Neobehaviorist learning theories: =====
   * [[learning_theories:Sign Learning]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm|Edward Tolman (1886 - 1959)]]
   * [[learning_theories:Drive Reduction Theory]] - [[http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Clark_L._Hull|Clark Hull (1884 – 1952)]]
   * [[Discriminational Learning]] [[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=kspence.html|Keneth Spence (1907 - 1967)]]
-  * [[learning_theories:Contiguity Theory]] ([[http://www.a2zpsychology.com/great_psychologists/edwin_r_guthrie.htm|Edwin Guthrie (1886 - 1959)]]
-  * [[learning_theories:Stimulus Sampling Theory ]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes|William Estes (1919 - )]]
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