Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/18 14:01]
jpetrovic [Learning theories:]
+++ learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/02/22 11:16]
jpetrovic [Behaviorist learning theories:]
@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ===== About behaviorism =====
-Some of the oldest learning theories belong to the behaviorism as [[..:learning_paradigms:|learning paradigm]] and date back from the beginning of the 20th century. The key component to this paradigm are **stimulus-response** (S-R) events resulting in **observable behaviors** which can be **measured**.
+Although its roots can be tracked way back, first learning theories belong to the behaviorism as [[..:learning_paradigms:|learning paradigm]] date back from the 1910s. The key component to this paradigm are **stimulus-response** (S-R) associations resulting in **observable behaviors** which can be **measured**.
-Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior.
+[[http://edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com/2010/09/behaviorism-in-practice.html|{{  :images:behaviorism.jpg?130x140|Behaviorism. Image borrowed from: edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com. Click on the picture to follow the link.  }}]]
-This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: **behaviorism (1910 - 1930)** and **neobehaviorism (1930-1955)**. Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical equations) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]].
+Behaviorists view the mind as a "black box" and do not attempt to analyze its thought processes. They approach **learning as a visible change in ones behavior** which, unlike mind processes, can be measured. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior.
-Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames. Classical and operand conditioning present true behaviorist learning perspectives, and sign learning finally forms a bridge from behaviorism to cognitivism which has replaced it in the second half of 20th century.
+This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: **behaviorism (1910-1930)** and **neobehaviorism (1930-1955)**. Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical equations) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]].
-      Drive Reduction Theory
+===== Behaviorist learning theories: =====
-      Discriminational Learning
-      Contiguity Theory
-      Stimulus Sampling Theory
+Among below listed learning theories within behaviorist framework, connectionism presents an introduction to behaviorist learning and setting its frames followed by true behaviorist learning perspectives of classical and operand conditioning.
+Sign learning appeared as first neobehaviorist theory, followed by drive reduction theory, which also incorporated idea of describing learning with intervening variables. Neobehaviorist started the transition to cognitivism and finally rejection of behaviorism as dominant learning paradigm.
-===== Behaviorist learning theories: =====
   * [[learning_theories:Connectionism]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike (1874 - 1949)]]
   * [[learning_theories:Clasicall Conditioning]] - [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936)]]
-  * [[learning_theories:Contiguity Theory]] ([[http://www.a2zpsychology.com/great_psychologists/edwin_r_guthrie.htm|Edwin Guthrie (1886 - 1959)]]
+  * [[learning_theories:Contiguity Theory and One Trial Learning]] [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/guthrie.htm|Edwin Guthrie (1886 - 1959)]]
   * [[learning_theories:Operant Conditioning]] - [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904  - 1990)]]
   * [[learning_theories:Stimulus Sampling Theory ]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes|William Estes (1919 - )]]
-===== Neobehaviorist learning theories: =====
   * [[learning_theories:Sign Learning]] - [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm|Edward Tolman (1886 - 1959)]]
   * [[learning_theories:Drive Reduction Theory]] - [[http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Clark_L._Hull|Clark Hull (1884 – 1952)]]
-  * [[Discriminational Learning]] [[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=kspence.html|Keneth Spence (1907 - 1967)]]
 ===== Criticisms =====
-Behaviorism today mostly **lost its influence** and let **cognitivism take its place** as the dominant paradigm. Critics of behaviorist learning usually argue that behaviorism:
+Behaviorism today mostly **lost its influence** and let **cognitivism take its place** as the dominant learning paradigm. Critics of behaviorist learning usually argue that behaviorism:
   * **does not explain all kinds o learning** since it ignores inner mind activities,

Learning Theories

User Tools

Site Tools

Differences

Page Tools