learning_paradigms:behaviorism
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learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/07/13 15:39] jpetrovic [Instructional design theories and models] |
learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/08/25 10:24] jpetrovic [Bibliography] |
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| ===== About behaviorism ===== | ===== About behaviorism ===== | ||
| - | Behaviorism is a learning paradigm with its roots dating back to the second half of 19th century and works of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sechenov|Ivan Sechenov]] (1829 - 1905) and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Bekhterev|Vladimir Bekhterev]] (1857 - 1927), and gaining a significant attention in the **first decades of the 20th century**. The most central premise of behaviorism is that, in order to make psychology a real science, it must be orientated on what is **observable** and **measurable**. | + | Behaviorism is a learning paradigm with its roots dating back to the second half of 19th century and works of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sechenov|Ivan Sechenov]] (1829 - 1905) and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Bekhterev|Vladimir Bekhterev]] (1857 - 1927), and gaining a significant attention in the **first decades of the 20th century**. The most central premise of behaviorism is that, in order to make psychology a real science, it must be orientated on what is **observable** and **measurable**. In words of one of the key behaviorists [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Watson|John Watson]] (1878 - 1958), |
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| + | * "//Psychology, as the behaviorist views it, is a purely objective, experimental branch of natural science which needs introspection as little as do the sciences of chemistry and physics. It is granted that the behavior of animals can be investigated without appeal to consciousness.//"(([[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/views.htm|Watson, John B. Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it. Psychological Review 20: 158-177. 1913.]])) | ||
| [[http://edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com/2010/09/behaviorism-in-practice.html|{{ :images:behaviorism.jpg?130x140|Behaviorism. Image borrowed from: edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com. Click on the picture to follow the link. }}]] | [[http://edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com/2010/09/behaviorism-in-practice.html|{{ :images:behaviorism.jpg?130x140|Behaviorism. Image borrowed from: edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com. Click on the picture to follow the link. }}]] | ||
| - | Behaviorists saw the mind as a "black box" and did not attempt to analyze its inner processes like thoughts and feelings. Instead, they saw learning as a visible change in one's behavior which, unlike mind processes, can be measured. From behaviorist perspective, a learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses can be shaped through positive and negative **reinforcement** (usually a reward for desired and a punishment for undesired behavior), increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. Forming **stimulus-response** (S-R) associations which result in observable behavior is for behaviorism the most significant form of learning. | + | Behaviorists saw the mind as a "black box" and did not attempt to analyze its inner processes like thoughts, feelings, or motivation. Instead, they saw learning as a visible change in one's behavior which, unlike mind processes, can be measured. From behaviorist perspective, a learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses can be shaped through positive and negative **reinforcement** (usually a reward for desired and a punishment for undesired behavior), increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. Forming **stimulus-response** (S-R) associations which result in observable behavior is for behaviorism the most significant form of learning. |
| This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: | This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: | ||
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| * [[learning_theories:The Keller Plan]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_S._Keller|Fred Keller (1899 - 1996)]] | * [[learning_theories:The Keller Plan]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_S._Keller|Fred Keller (1899 - 1996)]] | ||
| - | * [[instructional_design:Programmed Instruction]] - | + | * [[instructional_design:Programmed Instruction]] - [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904 - 1990)]] |
| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
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| ===== Bibliography ===== | ===== Bibliography ===== | ||
| - | [[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/|Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy: Behaviorism.]] Retrieved February 26, 2011. | + | [[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/|Graham, George. Behaviorism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2010 Edition).]] Retrieved February 26, 2011. |
| - | [[http://science.jrank.org/pages/8448/Behaviorism-Neobehaviorism-1930-1955.html|Science Encyclopedia : Behaviorism - Neobehaviorism (1930–1955)]] Retrieved June 22, 2011. | + | [[http://science.jrank.org/pages/8448/Behaviorism-Neobehaviorism-1930-1955.html|Weidman, Nadine. Behaviorism - Neobehaviorism (1930–1955). Science Encyclopedia.]] Retrieved June 22, 2011. |
| [[http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/beh.html|George Boeree. Behaviorism.]] Retrieved June 23, 2011. | [[http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/beh.html|George Boeree. Behaviorism.]] Retrieved June 23, 2011. | ||
learning_paradigms/behaviorism.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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