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learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/04 14:09] jpetrovic [Criticisms] |
learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/04 15:16] jpetrovic [Instructional design theories and learning models:] |
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===== About cognitivism ===== | ===== About cognitivism ===== | ||
- | One of the first criticism of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views of learning that offered a **new approach to learning** that extended beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] was replaced by cognitivism. | + | One of the first criticism of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views of learning that offered a **new approach to learning** that extended beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. |
- | [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, sets the **learner** as the **locus of control** and not just as a passive participant in the process of learning. It attempts to open the "black box" of his mind and **explain complex cognitive processes** in it. Cognitivist theories emphasize the **importance of the learner**, especially his **prior knowledge and experiences** as well as his **role of an organized information processor**. | + | [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, |
+ | |||
+ | * sees learning as the **active** acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate **mental** constructions, | ||
+ | * sets the **learner** as the **locus of control** and not just as a passive participant in the process of learning, | ||
+ | * attempts to open the "black box" of his mind and **explain** complex **cognitive processes**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cognitivist theories emphasize the **importance of the learner**, especially his **prior knowledge and experiences** as well as his **role of an organized information processor**. | ||
===== Learning theories: ===== | ===== Learning theories: ===== | ||
* [[learning_theories:Gestalt Psychology]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer|Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943)]] | * [[learning_theories:Gestalt Psychology]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer|Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943)]] | ||
- | * [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]] [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980)]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]] - [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980)]] |
- | * [[learning_theories:Assimilation Theory]] [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel (1918 - 2008)]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Assimilation Theory]] - [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel (1918 - 2008)]] |
* [[learning_theories:Social Cognitive Learning Theory]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura (1925 - )]] | * [[learning_theories:Social Cognitive Learning Theory]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura (1925 - )]] | ||
- | * [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] - [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] |
- | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] - [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] |
- | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] - [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] |
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===== Instructional design theories and learning models: ===== | ===== Instructional design theories and learning models: ===== | ||
- | *[[instructional_design:Cone of Experience]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Dale|Edgar Dale]]) | + | *[[instructional_design:Cone of Experience]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Dale|Edgar Dale (1900 – 1985)]] |
+ | *[[instructional_design:Elaboration Theory]] - [[http://www.indiana.edu/~syschang/decatur/bios/biographies.html|Charles Reigeluth]] | ||
*[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] ([[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]]) | *[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] ([[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]]) | ||
*[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] ([[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]]) | *[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] ([[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]]) | ||
- | *[[instructional_design:Elaboration Theory]] ([[http://www.indiana.edu/~syschang/decatur/bios/biographies.html|Charles Reigeluth]]) | ||
*[[instructional_design:mental_models|Mental Model Theory Of Thinking And Reasoning]] ([[http://weblamp.princeton.edu/~psych/psychology/research/johnson_laird/index.php|Philip Johnson-Laird]]) | *[[instructional_design:mental_models|Mental Model Theory Of Thinking And Reasoning]] ([[http://weblamp.princeton.edu/~psych/psychology/research/johnson_laird/index.php|Philip Johnson-Laird]]) | ||
*[[instructional_design:scripts|Scripts Theory]] ([[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]]) | *[[instructional_design:scripts|Scripts Theory]] ([[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]]) |