learning_paradigms:cognitivism
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learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/04 14:14] jpetrovic [About cognitivism] |
learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/16 15:41] jpetrovic [Instructional design theories and learning models:] |
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| ===== About cognitivism ===== | ===== About cognitivism ===== | ||
| - | One of the first criticism of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views of learning that offered a **new approach to learning** that extended beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. | + | One of the first criticisms of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views of learning that offered a **new approach to learning** that extended beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. |
| [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | ||
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| * [[learning_theories:Gestalt Psychology]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer|Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943)]] | * [[learning_theories:Gestalt Psychology]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer|Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943)]] | ||
| - | * [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]] [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980)]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]] - [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980)]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Assimilation Theory]] [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel (1918 - 2008)]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Assimilation Theory]] - [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel (1918 - 2008)]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Social Cognitive Learning Theory]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura (1925 - )]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Social Cognitive Learning Theory]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura (1925 - )]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Conditions of Learning]] - [[http://www.animukerji.com/newfaculty201/gagne_bio.htm|Robert Gagne (1916 - 2002)]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] - [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] |
| - | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Script Theory]] - [[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]] |
| - | + | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] - [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] | |
| + | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] - [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] | ||
| ===== Instructional design theories and learning models: ===== | ===== Instructional design theories and learning models: ===== | ||
| - | *[[instructional_design:Cone of Experience]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Dale|Edgar Dale]]) | + | *[[instructional_design:Cone of Experience]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Dale|Edgar Dale (1900 – 1985)]] |
| - | *[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] ([[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]]) | + | *[[instructional_design:Elaboration Theory]] - [[http://www.indiana.edu/~syschang/decatur/bios/biographies.html|Charles Reigeluth]] |
| - | *[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] ([[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]]) | + | *[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] - [[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]] |
| - | *[[instructional_design:Elaboration Theory]] ([[http://www.indiana.edu/~syschang/decatur/bios/biographies.html|Charles Reigeluth]]) | + | *[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] - [[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]] |
| - | *[[instructional_design:mental_models|Mental Model Theory Of Thinking And Reasoning]] ([[http://weblamp.princeton.edu/~psych/psychology/research/johnson_laird/index.php|Philip Johnson-Laird]]) | + | *[[instructional_design:structural_learning|Structural Learning Theory]] - [[http://www.scandura.com/|Joseph Scandura]] |
| - | *[[instructional_design:scripts|Scripts Theory]] ([[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]]) | + | |
| - | *[[instructional_design:structural_learning|Structural Learning Theory]] ([[http://www.scandura.com/|Joseph Scandura]]) | + | |
| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
| - | Since the beginning of its intensive development during the 1960s various critics of cognitivism have emerged, challenging its assumption that **mental functions can be compared to a information processing model**. Some authors like John Searle or Roger Penrose claim that computation, due to its inherent limitations, can never achieve the complexity and possibilities of mental functions and therefore cannot be successfully used to describe them. **Gödel's incompleteness theorem**(()) or **Turing's halting problem**(()) are often held as proves for this point of view. | + | Since the beginning of its intensive development during the 1960s various critics of cognitivism have emerged, challenging its assumption that **mental functions can be compared to an information processing model**. Some authors like John Searle or Roger Penrose claim that computation, due to its inherent limitations, can never achieve the complexity and possibilities of mental functions and therefore cannot be successfully used to describe them. **Gödel's incompleteness theorem**(()) or **Turing's halting problem**(()) are often held as proves for this point of view. |
| During the 1970s **humanism** evolved as an opposing view to both behaviorism and cognitivism beginning with the **holistic approach**, belief in the power of an individual and view **learning as a way of fulfilling his potentials**. | During the 1970s **humanism** evolved as an opposing view to both behaviorism and cognitivism beginning with the **holistic approach**, belief in the power of an individual and view **learning as a way of fulfilling his potentials**. | ||
learning_paradigms/cognitivism.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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