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learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/15 13:16] jpetrovic [Instructional design theories and learning models:] |
learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/21 08:43] jpetrovic [About cognitivism] |
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===== About cognitivism ===== | ===== About cognitivism ===== | ||
- | One of the first criticisms of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views of learning that offered a **new approach to learning** that extended beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. | + | One of the first criticisms of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] during the first decades of the 20th century and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views that influenced new approaches to learning which have extended beyond behaviorism and have set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. |
[[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | ||
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Cognitivist theories emphasize the **importance of the learner**, especially his **prior knowledge and experiences** as well as his **role of an organized information processor**. | Cognitivist theories emphasize the **importance of the learner**, especially his **prior knowledge and experiences** as well as his **role of an organized information processor**. | ||
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+ | ===== Human memory system ===== | ||
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+ | Memory is often defined as //an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences//(()). Since it has a crutial role in acquisition and retention of knowledge, it was the subject of many researches and an essential part of many cognitivist learning theories. | ||
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+ | * [[memory_models:overview|Overview of Human Memory Models]] | ||
===== Learning theories: ===== | ===== Learning theories: ===== | ||
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* [[learning_theories:Conditions of Learning]] - [[http://www.animukerji.com/newfaculty201/gagne_bio.htm|Robert Gagne (1916 - 2002)]] | * [[learning_theories:Conditions of Learning]] - [[http://www.animukerji.com/newfaculty201/gagne_bio.htm|Robert Gagne (1916 - 2002)]] | ||
* [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] - [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] | * [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] - [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] | ||
+ | * [[learning_theories:Script Theory]] - [[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]] | ||
* [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] - [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] - [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] | ||
* [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] - [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] - [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] | ||
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*[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] - [[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]] | *[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] - [[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]] | ||
*[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] - [[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]] | *[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] - [[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]] | ||
- | *[[instructional_design:script_theory|Script Theory]] - [[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]] | ||
*[[instructional_design:structural_learning|Structural Learning Theory]] - [[http://www.scandura.com/|Joseph Scandura]] | *[[instructional_design:structural_learning|Structural Learning Theory]] - [[http://www.scandura.com/|Joseph Scandura]] | ||
- | *[[instructional_design:mental_models|Mental Model Theory Of Thinking And Reasoning]] - [[http://weblamp.princeton.edu/~psych/psychology/research/johnson_laird/index.php|Philip Johnson-Laird]] | ||