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learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/16 16:52] jpetrovic [Human memory system] |
learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/03/21 12:09] jpetrovic [Bibliography] |
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===== About cognitivism ===== | ===== About cognitivism ===== | ||
- | One of the first criticisms of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views of learning that offered a **new approach to learning** that extended beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. | + | One of the first criticisms of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] during the first decades of the 20th century and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views on learning that influenced **new approaches** extending beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. |
[[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | ||
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* sees learning as the **active** acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate **mental** constructions, | * sees learning as the **active** acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate **mental** constructions, | ||
* sets the **learner** as the **locus of control** and not just as a passive participant in the process of learning, | * sets the **learner** as the **locus of control** and not just as a passive participant in the process of learning, | ||
- | * attempts to open the "black box" of his mind and **explain** complex **cognitive processes**. | + | * attempts to open the "black box" of his mind and **explain** complex **cognitive processes**, and |
+ | * emphasizes the role of **prior knowledge** for learning outcomes. | ||
- | Cognitivist theories emphasize the **importance of the learner**, especially his **prior knowledge and experiences** as well as his **role of an organized information processor**. | + | Cognitivist theories emphasize the **importance of the learner**, especially his **prior knowledge and experiences** as well as his role of an **organized information processor**. |
===== Human memory system ===== | ===== Human memory system ===== | ||
- | Memory is often defined as //an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences//. Since it has a crutial role in acquisition and retention of knowledge, it was the subject of many researches and an essential part of many cognitivist learning theories. | + | **Memory** is often defined as //an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences//(([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory|Wikipedia: Memory.]] Retrieved March 21, 2011.)). Since it has a crutial role in acquisition and retention of knowledge, it was the subject of many researches and an essential part of many cognitivist learning theories. |
* [[memory_models:overview|Overview of Human Memory Models]] | * [[memory_models:overview|Overview of Human Memory Models]] | ||
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===== Bibliography ===== | ===== Bibliography ===== | ||
- | [[http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitivism.html|Cognitivism at Learning Theories.]] | + | [[http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitivism.html|Cognitivism at Learning Theories.]] Retrieved February 21, 2011. |
[[http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/timdev-589723-learning-theory-cognitivism/|Learning Theory Cognitivism Ppt Presentation.]] | [[http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/timdev-589723-learning-theory-cognitivism/|Learning Theory Cognitivism Ppt Presentation.]] |