learning_paradigms:cognitivism
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learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/04/07 08:43] jpetrovic [Instructional design theories and learning models:] |
learning_paradigms:cognitivism [2011/06/30 12:33] jpetrovic [Human memory] |
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| ===== About cognitivism ===== | ===== About cognitivism ===== | ||
| - | One of the first criticisms of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] during the first decades of the 20th century and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views on learning that influenced **new approaches** extending beyond behaviorism and set the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] replaced by cognitivism. | + | One of the first criticisms of [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorist learning]] approach came from [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychologists]] during the first decades of the 20th century and was related to behaviorist dependencies exclusively on overt behavior. It was the [[:glossary#gestalt|gestalt]] views on learning that influenced **new approaches** extending beyond behaviorism and setting the **basic principles** of what is today known as **[[:glossary#cognition|cognitive]] theories**. In the 1960s behaviorism was as a dominant [[:learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] slowly replaced by cognitivism. |
| [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | [[:glossary#cognition|Cognitive]] approach to learning, unlike behavioral, | ||
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| * sees learning as the **active** acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate **mental** constructions, | * sees learning as the **active** acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate **mental** constructions, | ||
| * sets the **learner** as the **locus of control** and not just as a passive participant in the process of learning, | * sets the **learner** as the **locus of control** and not just as a passive participant in the process of learning, | ||
| - | * attempts to open the "black box" of his mind and **explain** complex **cognitive processes**, | + | * attempts to open the "black box" of his mind and **explain** complex **cognitive processes** and architecture, |
| - | * addresses learning with regard to **insight**, **information processing**, **memory**, **perception**, and | + | * addresses learning with regard to **insight**, **information processing**, **memory**, **perception**, |
| - | * emphasizes the role of **prior knowledge** for learning outcomes. | + | * emphasizes the role of **prior knowledge** and experiences for learning outcomes, and |
| + | * sees learner as an **organized information processor**. | ||
| - | Cognitivist theories emphasize the **importance of the learner**, especially his **prior knowledge and experiences** as well as his role of an **organized information processor**. | ||
| + | ===== Human memory ===== | ||
| - | ===== Human memory system ===== | + | If human cognitive architecture is to be analyzed, then the role and properties of human memory system should also be accounted for. **Memory** is often defined as "//an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences//"(([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory|Wikipedia: Memory.]] Retrieved March 21, 2011.)). Since it has a crucial role in acquisition and retention of knowledge, it was the subject of many researches and an essential part of many cognitivist learning theories. |
| - | **Memory** is often defined as "//an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences//"(([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory|Wikipedia: Memory.]] Retrieved March 21, 2011.)). Since it has a crutial role in acquisition and retention of knowledge, it was the subject of many researches and an essential part of many cognitivist learning theories. | + | * [[memory_models:A Brief History of Human Memory Systems|A Brief History of Human Memory Systems Research]] |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[memory_models:A Brief History of Human Memory Systems]] | + | |
| * [[memory_models:Human Working Memory]] | * [[memory_models:Human Working Memory]] | ||
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| * [[learning_theories:Gestalt Psychology]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer|Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943)]] | * [[learning_theories:Gestalt Psychology]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer|Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943)]] | ||
| - | * [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]] - [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980)]] | ||
| * [[learning_theories:Assimilation Theory]] - [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel (1918 - 2008)]] | * [[learning_theories:Assimilation Theory]] - [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel (1918 - 2008)]] | ||
| * [[learning_theories:Social Cognitive Learning Theory]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura (1925 - )]] | * [[learning_theories:Social Cognitive Learning Theory]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura (1925 - )]] | ||
| - | * [[learning_theories:Conditions of Learning]] - [[http://www.ibstpi.org/Products/pdf/appendix_A-C.pdf|Robert Gagne (1916 - 2002)]] | + | * [[learning_theories:Conditions of Learning]] - [[http://www.ibstpi.org/Products/pdf/appendix_A-C.pdf|Robert Gagné (1916 - 2002)]] |
| * [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] - [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] | * [[learning_theories:Schema Theory]] - [[http://www.education.com/reference/article/anderson-richard-chase-1934-/|Richard Anderson (1934 - )]] | ||
| * [[learning_theories:Script Theory]] - [[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]] | * [[learning_theories:Script Theory]] - [[http://www.rogerschank.com/|Roger Schank]] | ||
| + | * [[learning_theories:Dual Coding Theory]] - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Paivio|Allan Pavio (1925 - )]] | ||
| * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] - [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Load Theory]] - [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]] | ||
| * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] - [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] | * [[learning_theories:Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning]] - [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Mayer]] | ||
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| *[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] - [[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]] | *[[instructional_design:Concept Mapping]] - [[http://www.ihmc.us/groups/jnovak/|Joseph Novak]] | ||
| *[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] - [[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]] | *[[instructional_design:Component Display Theory]] - [[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]] | ||
| - | *[[instructional_design:Component Design Theory]] - [[http://mdavidmerrill.com/index.htm|Dave Merrill]] | ||
| *[[instructional_design:structural_learning|Structural Learning Theory]] - [[http://www.scandura.com/|Joseph Scandura]] | *[[instructional_design:structural_learning|Structural Learning Theory]] - [[http://www.scandura.com/|Joseph Scandura]] | ||
learning_paradigms/cognitivism.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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