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--- learning_paradigms [2011/01/05 18:09]
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+++ learning_paradigms [2011/01/17 09:45]
admin [Learning paradigms]
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-Learning theories are often divided into several paradigms which represent different perspectives on the learning process. Theories within the same paradigm share the same point of view. Currently, the most accepted learning paradigms are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism, social learning and humanism.
+===== Learning paradigms =====
-Learning paradigms:
+Learning theories are usually divided into several [[glossary#paradigm|paradigms]] which represent different perspectives on the learning process. [[glossary#theory|Theories]] within the same paradigm share the same point of view. Currently, the most commonly accepted learning paradigms are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism, social learning and humanism but there are others as well.
-  * Behaviorism
+Here we will refer to named learning paradigms and their related learning and instructional design theories. A brief overview of the paradigms follows, and more information can be obtained by clicking on each paradigm name.
-  * Constructivism
-  * Cognitivism
+  * [[Behaviorism]]:
-  * Connectivism
+    * Time line: Since 1910s
-  * Social learning
+    * What is learning: Development of desired behavior
-  * Humanism
+    * Control locus: Environment
-  * Other theories
+    * Learner role: Passive
+    * Learning process: Support of desired or punishing undesired behavior
+    * Critics: Ignores learner and his mental processes, depends exclusively on overt behavior
+    * Authors: [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]], [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]], [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm|John Watson]]
+  * [[Cognitivism]]:
+    * Time line: Since 1960s
+    * What is learning: Acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate mental constructions
+    * Control locus: Learner
+    * Learner role: Active and central to the process, he learns objective knowledge from external world
+    * Learning process: An active process of acquiring and processing new information using prior knowledge and experience
+    * Critics: Views knowledge as objective and external to the learner
+    * Authors: [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]], [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Meyer]], [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausbel]]
+  * [[Humanism]]:
+    * Time line: Since 1960s
+    * What is learning: A mean which should help learner in self-actualization and development of personal potentials
+    * Control locus: Learner
+    * Learner role: Active and discovery
+    * Learning process: Active learning through experience
+    * Critics: More psychologically then experimentally grounded approach based on assumptions of free will and a system of human values which are generally believed to be true, yet impossible to prove and sometimes discredited through counterexamples.
+    * Authors: [[http://www.nrogers.com/carlrogers.html|Carl Rogers]], [[http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html|Abraham Maslow]]
+  * [[Social Learning]]:
+    * Time line: Since 1970s
+    * What is learning: Acquisition of new models of behavior
+    * Control locus: Split between both learner and environment
+    * Learner role: Acquisition and interpretation of new behavior
+    * Learning process:
+    * Critics:
+    * Authors: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura]],
+  * [[Constructivism]]:
+    * Time line: Since 1960s
+    * What is learning:
+    * Control locus: Split between both learner and environment
+    * Learner role:
+    * Learning process:
+    * Critics:
+    * Authors:
+  * [[Connectivism]]:
+    * Time line: Since 1960s
+    * What is learning:
+    * Control locus: Split between both learner and environment
+    * Learner role:
+    * Learning process:
+    * Critics:
+    * Authors:
+  * [[Other Learning Theories]]:
+    *
+    *
+===== Instructional design theories =====
+We will also refer to some instructional design principles:
+  * [[Cognitive Apprenticeship]]
+===== Other related theories =====
+Some theories that are not directly orientated on explaining of the learning process, but are also worth mentioning can be found here:
+  * [[Gestalt Theory]] (Wertheimer)
+  * [[Theory of Cognitive Development]] (Piaget)
+  * [[http://www.ewenger.com/theory/|Communities of Practice]] (Lave and Wenger)

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