learning_paradigms
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learning_paradigms [2011/01/17 08:33] admin [Learning paradigms] |
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| ===== Learning paradigms ===== | ===== Learning paradigms ===== | ||
| - | Learning theories are usually divided into several [[glossary#paradigm|paradigms]] which represent different perspectives on the learning process. [[glossary#theory|Theories]] within the same paradigm share the same point of view. Currently, the most accepted learning paradigms are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism and humanism but there are others as well. | + | Learning theories are usually divided into several [[glossary#paradigm|paradigms]] which represent different perspectives on the learning process. [[glossary#theory|Theories]] within the same paradigm share the same point of view. Currently, the most commonly accepted learning paradigms are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism, social learning and humanism but there are others as well. |
| - | Here we will refer to the following learning paradigms and related learning and instructional design theories: | + | Here we will refer to named learning paradigms and their related learning and instructional design theories. A brief overview of the paradigms follows, and more information can be obtained by clicking on each paradigm name. |
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| - | * [[Behaviorism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cognitivism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Humanism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Constructivism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Connectivism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Other Learning Theories]] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | A more detailed description can be found by clicking on the name of any of given paradigms, and a brief explanation of each of them follows: | + | |
| * [[Behaviorism]]: | * [[Behaviorism]]: | ||
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| * Critics: Ignores learner and his mental processes, depends exclusively on overt behavior | * Critics: Ignores learner and his mental processes, depends exclusively on overt behavior | ||
| * Authors: [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]], [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]], [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm|John Watson]] | * Authors: [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]], [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]], [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm|John Watson]] | ||
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| - | ([[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]]) | ||
| - | * [[Operant conditioning]] ([[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]]) | ||
| - | * [[Social learning]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura]]) (a bridge between behaviorism and cognitivism) | ||
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| * [[Cognitivism]]: | * [[Cognitivism]]: | ||
| * Time line: Since 1960s | * Time line: Since 1960s | ||
| * What is learning: Acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate mental constructions | * What is learning: Acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate mental constructions | ||
| - | * Learner role: Active and central to the process | + | * Control locus: Learner |
| + | * Learner role: Active and central to the process, he learns objective knowledge from external world | ||
| * Learning process: An active process of acquiring and processing new information using prior knowledge and experience | * Learning process: An active process of acquiring and processing new information using prior knowledge and experience | ||
| - | * Critics: Views knowledge as objective and external to the learner | + | * Critics: Views knowledge as objective and external to the learner |
| + | * Authors: [[http://education.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller-726.html|John Sweller]], [[http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php|Richard Meyer]], [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausbel]] | ||
| * [[Humanism]]: | * [[Humanism]]: | ||
| - | * Time line: | + | * Time line: Since 1960s |
| + | * What is learning: A mean which should help learner in self-actualization and development of personal potentials | ||
| + | * Control locus: Learner | ||
| + | * Learner role: Active and discovery | ||
| + | * Learning process: Active learning through experience | ||
| + | * Critics: More psychologically then experimentally grounded approach based on assumptions of free will and a system of human values which are generally believed to be true, yet impossible to prove and sometimes discredited through counterexamples. | ||
| + | * Authors: [[http://www.nrogers.com/carlrogers.html|Carl Rogers]], [[http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html|Abraham Maslow]] | ||
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| + | * [[Social Learning]]: | ||
| + | * Time line: Since 1960s | ||
| + | * What is learning: | ||
| + | * Control locus: Split between both learner and environment | ||
| + | * Learner role: | ||
| + | * Learning process: | ||
| + | * Critics: | ||
| + | * Authors: | ||
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| + | * [[Constructivism]]: | ||
| + | * Time line: Since 1990s | ||
| + | * What is learning: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[Connectivism]]: | ||
| + | * Time line: Since 1990s | ||
| + | * What is learning: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[Other Learning Theories]]: | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | * | ||
| ===== Instructional design theories ===== | ===== Instructional design theories ===== | ||
learning_paradigms.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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