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learning_paradigms [2011/01/17 08:33] admin [Learning paradigms] |
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===== Learning paradigms ===== | ===== Learning paradigms ===== | ||
- | Learning theories are usually divided into several [[glossary#paradigm|paradigms]] which represent different perspectives on the learning process. [[glossary#theory|Theories]] within the same paradigm share the same point of view. Currently, the most accepted learning paradigms are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism and humanism but there are others as well. | + | Learning theories are usually divided into several [[glossary#paradigm|paradigms]] which represent different perspectives on the learning process. [[glossary#theory|Theories]] within the same paradigm share the same point of view. Currently, the most commonly accepted learning paradigms are //behaviorism//, //cognitivism//, //constructivism//, //connectivism//, and //humanism//.((In some resources //social learning// is added as a paradigm, //humanism// or //constructivism// are ignored and //connectivism// is a new paradigm that is still not widely accepted.)). |
- | Here we will refer to the following learning paradigms and related learning and instructional design theories: | + | Here we will refer to the named learning paradigms and their related learning and instructional design theories. A brief overview of the paradigms follows, and more information can be obtained by clicking on each paradigm name. |
- | * [[Behaviorism]] | + | * [[learning_paradigms:Behaviorism]] |
- | * [[Cognitivism]] | + | * [[learning_paradigms:Cognitivism]] |
- | * [[Humanism]] | + | * [[learning_paradigms:Humanism]] |
- | * [[Constructivism]] | + | * [[learning_paradigms:Constructivism]] |
- | * [[Connectivism]] | + | * [[learning_paradigms:Connectivism]] |
- | * [[Other Learning Theories]] | + | |
- | A more detailed description can be found by clicking on the name of any of given paradigms, and a brief explanation of each of them follows: | + | A [[learning_paradigms:paradigm_comparison|brief comparison of learning paradigms]] can be used to better understand their differences and similarities. |
- | * [[Behaviorism]]: | ||
- | * Time line: Since 1910s | ||
- | * What is learning: Development of desired behavior | ||
- | * Control locus: Environment | ||
- | * Learner role: Passive | ||
- | * Learning process: Support of desired or punishing undesired behavior | ||
- | * Critics: Ignores learner and his mental processes, depends exclusively on overt behavior | ||
- | * Authors: [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]], [[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]], [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm|John Watson]] | ||
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- | ([[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]]) | ||
- | * [[Operant conditioning]] ([[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]]) | ||
- | * [[Social learning]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura]]) (a bridge between behaviorism and cognitivism) | ||
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- | * [[Cognitivism]]: | ||
- | * Time line: Since 1960s | ||
- | * What is learning: Acquisition of new knowledge and developing adequate mental constructions | ||
- | * Learner role: Active and central to the process | ||
- | * Learning process: An active process of acquiring and processing new information using prior knowledge and experience | ||
- | * Critics: Views knowledge as objective and external to the learner | ||
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- | * [[Humanism]]: | ||
- | * Time line: | ||
- | ===== Instructional design theories ===== | ||
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- | We will also refer to some instructional design principles: | ||
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- | * [[Cognitive Apprenticeship]] | ||
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- | ===== Other related theories ===== | ||
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- | Some theories that are not directly orientated on explaining of the learning process, but are also worth mentioning can be found here: | ||
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- | * [[Gestalt Theory]] (Wertheimer) | ||
- | * [[Theory of Cognitive Development]] (Piaget) | ||
- | * [[http://www.ewenger.com/theory/|Communities of Practice]] (Lave and Wenger) | ||