learning_theories:assimilation_theory
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learning_theories:assimilation_theory [2011/05/04 16:00] jpetrovic [General] |
learning_theories:assimilation_theory [2011/05/04 16:16] jpetrovic [What is assimilation theory?] |
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| - | Assimilation theory (sometimes referred to as //subsumption theory// or //theory of advance organizers//) is one of the [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism#learning_theories|cognitivist learning theories]] developed by an American educational psychologist [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel]] during 1960s. Ausubel was a cognitivist(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=nNcoAO5Za9YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Learning+theories,+A+to+Z&hl=hr&ei=g1jBTYLrHInpOYGHxJ0I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Leonard, David C. Learning theories, A to Z. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.]]))(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=hQD2p7DvpqAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+cognitive+revolution+in+educational+psychology&hl=hr&ei=LFnBTb2vOMuSOtzQwJ0I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Royer, James M. The cognitive revolution in educational psychology. IAP, 2005.]])) inspired by works of [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]] (see: [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]]) and considered at the time stil influential [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism&#behaviorist_learning_theories|neo-behaviorist theories]] inadequate(([[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/ausubel.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology: David Ausubel. Meaningful Verbal Learning & Subsumption Theory.]])). His theory offers an explanation of human cognitive structure and suggests ways instruction should be organized in order to facilitate meaningful learning. Cognitive structure is, in Ausubels words "//hierarchically organized in terms of **highly inclusive concepts** under which are **subsumed less inclusive subconcepts** and informational data//". Learning, according to Ausubel's theory, occurs through **development** of **new cognitive structures** that will hold newly acquired information. | + | Assimilation theory (sometimes referred to as //subsumption theory// or //theory of advance organizers//) is one of the [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism#learning_theories|cognitivist learning theories]] developed by an American educational psychologist [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel]] during 1960s. Ausubel was a cognitivist(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=nNcoAO5Za9YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Learning+theories,+A+to+Z&hl=hr&ei=g1jBTYLrHInpOYGHxJ0I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Leonard, David C. Learning theories, A to Z. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.]]))(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=hQD2p7DvpqAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+cognitive+revolution+in+educational+psychology&hl=hr&ei=LFnBTb2vOMuSOtzQwJ0I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Royer, James M. The cognitive revolution in educational psychology. IAP, 2005.]])) inspired by works of [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]] (see: [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]]) and considered at the time stil influential [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism&#behaviorist_learning_theories|neo-behaviorist theories]] inadequate(([[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/ausubel.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology: David Ausubel. Meaningful Verbal Learning & Subsumption Theory.]])). His theory offers an explanation of human cognitive structure and suggests ways instruction should be organized in order to facilitate meaningful learning. Cognitive structure is, in Ausubels words |
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| + | * "//hierarchically organized in terms of **highly inclusive concepts** under which are **subsumed less inclusive subconcepts** and informational data//". | ||
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| + | Learning, according to Ausubel's theory, occurs through **development** of **new cognitive structures** that will hold newly acquired information. | ||
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| [[http://cmapspublic2.ihmc.us/rid=1094487285248_442176581_5443/Ausubel%27s%20theory.cmap|{{ images:ausubel.jpg?866x434 | A visual representation of Ausubels theory. Image borrowed from: http://cmapspublic2.ihmc.us/... Click on the picture to follow the link. }}]] | [[http://cmapspublic2.ihmc.us/rid=1094487285248_442176581_5443/Ausubel%27s%20theory.cmap|{{ images:ausubel.jpg?866x434 | A visual representation of Ausubels theory. Image borrowed from: http://cmapspublic2.ihmc.us/... Click on the picture to follow the link. }}]] | ||
| + | Ausubel's ideas of human cognitive structures also served as a motivation for introducing [[instructional_design|concept mapping]] and similar instructional materials.(()) | ||
| ===== What is the practical meaning of assimilation theory? ===== | ===== What is the practical meaning of assimilation theory? ===== | ||
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| Meaningful learning suggested by Ausubel's assimilation theory presents a valuable method for educational process, in which **rote learning examples** can today be found more frequently. **Foreign language learning** often requires learning by heart numerous exceptions or grammatical structures (like German strong verbs). This rote learning would be easier and longer lasting in case of **connecting new material with already learned language concepts**. Link to known concepts (like a sentence with newly learned verb or a story composed of them) should be suggested by teachers but is often not easy to find so it remains ignored. | Meaningful learning suggested by Ausubel's assimilation theory presents a valuable method for educational process, in which **rote learning examples** can today be found more frequently. **Foreign language learning** often requires learning by heart numerous exceptions or grammatical structures (like German strong verbs). This rote learning would be easier and longer lasting in case of **connecting new material with already learned language concepts**. Link to known concepts (like a sentence with newly learned verb or a story composed of them) should be suggested by teachers but is often not easy to find so it remains ignored. | ||
| - | A successful **instructional process** is **dependent both on learner and teacher**. In order to fulfill meaningful learning requirements **learner has to have crucial higher level concepts** that will serve as anchoring sites (**subsumers**) or has to be provided with appropriate organizers. **The teacher** then first has to **present learning material in an organized and structured manner**, continue with sufficient amount of practice in form of applications of learned material in order to facilitate its assimilation. | + | A successful **instructional process** is **dependent both on learner and teacher**. In order to fulfill meaningful learning requirements **learner has to have crucial higher level concepts** that will serve as anchoring sites (**subsumers**) or has to be provided with appropriate organizers. **The teacher** then first has to **present learning material in an organized and structured manner**, continue with sufficient amount of practice in form of applications of learned material in order to facilitate its assimilation. Notice that this approach is more teacher centered. Ausubel referred to this process of teaching as //expository teaching// and //reception learning//, since the teacher "places" new ideas in context of learners cognitive structure. |
learning_theories/assimilation_theory.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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