learning_theories:assimilation_theory
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learning_theories:assimilation_theory [2011/05/05 10:36] jpetrovic [What is assimilation theory?] |
learning_theories:assimilation_theory [2011/07/07 11:01] jpetrovic [General] |
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| - | Assimilation theory (sometimes referred to as //subsumption theory// or //theory of advance organizers//) is one of the [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism#learning_theories|cognitivist learning theories]] developed by an American educational psychologist [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel]] during 1960s. Ausubel was a cognitivist(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=nNcoAO5Za9YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Learning+theories,+A+to+Z&hl=hr&ei=g1jBTYLrHInpOYGHxJ0I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Leonard, David C. Learning theories, A to Z. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.]]))(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=hQD2p7DvpqAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+cognitive+revolution+in+educational+psychology&hl=hr&ei=LFnBTb2vOMuSOtzQwJ0I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Royer, James M. The cognitive revolution in educational psychology. IAP, 2005.]])) inspired by works of [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]] (see: [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]]) and considered at the time stil influential [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism&#behaviorist_learning_theories|neo-behaviorist theories]] inadequate(([[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/ausubel.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology: David Ausubel. Meaningful Verbal Learning & Subsumption Theory.]])). Learning, according to Ausubel's theory, occurs through **development** of **new cognitive structures** that will hold newly acquired information. Cognitive structure is | + | Assimilation theory (sometimes referred to as //subsumption theory// or //theory of advance organizers//) is one of the [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism#learning_theories|cognitivist learning theories]] developed by an American educational psychologist [[http://www.davidausubel.org/|David Ausubel]] during the 1960s. Ausubel was a cognitivist(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=nNcoAO5Za9YC|Leonard, David C. Learning theories, A to Z. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.]]))(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=hQD2p7DvpqAC|Royer, James M. The cognitive revolution in educational psychology. IAP, 2005.]])) inspired by works of [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]] (see: [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]]) and considered at the time still influential [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism&#behaviorist_learning_theories|neo-behaviorist theories]] inadequate(([[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/ausubel.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology: David Ausubel. Meaningful Verbal Learning & Subsumption Theory.]])). Ausubel is concerned with developing a theory of meaningful verbal reception learning and related methods which will facilitate classroom learning(([[http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/bitstream/1892/5643/1/b12748419.pdf|Rossner, Vivian F. A description and critique of David P. Ausubel’s model of learning. Thesis (M.A. (Ed.)), Simon Fraser University, 1982.]])). |
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| - | * "//hierarchically organized in terms of **highly inclusive concepts** under which are **subsumed less inclusive subconcepts** and informational data//".((Ausubel, Robbins, & Blake. Retroactive inhibition and facilitation in the learning of school materials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 48, p267, 1957.)) | + | |
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| Ausubel distinguishes between //meaningful// and //rote learning//. | Ausubel distinguishes between //meaningful// and //rote learning//. | ||
| - | * **Meaningful learning** is learning that is well **anchored and integrated** in the cognitive structure. It occurs when learner can find meaning in the information presented. Meaningful learning won't occur unless the new ideas are presented in a clear way that enables their relating with other ideas, unless the learner already possesses those other ideas he can relate the new ones with and unless the learner actually makes an attempt to do so. If those conditions are satisfied, new ideas will remain anchored in his knowledge and if not, learning will be rote. | + | * **Meaningful learning** is learning that is well **anchored and integrated** in the cognitive structure. It occurs when learner can find meaning in the information presented. Meaningful learning won't occur unless the new ideas are presented in a clear way that enables their relating with other ideas, unless the learner already possesses those other ideas he can relate the new ones with and unless the learner actually makes an conscious attempt to do so. If those conditions are satisfied, new ideas will remain anchored in his knowledge and if not, learning will be rote. |
| * **Rote learning** on the other hand represents knowledge that remains **unrelated** and unanchored to existing concepts and is therefore easily forgotten. | * **Rote learning** on the other hand represents knowledge that remains **unrelated** and unanchored to existing concepts and is therefore easily forgotten. | ||
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| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
| - | Critics of Ausubel's theory often reflect the fact that he doesn't describe construction of organizers so different researches provide different results of their efficiency. Ausubel's theory is also in most of its claims quite opposite of [[http://www.psych.nyu.edu/bruner/|Jerome Bruner]]'s [[instructional_design:discovery learning]]. | + | Critics of Ausubel's theory often reflect the fact that he doesn't describe construction of organizers so different researches provide different results of their efficiency(([[http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/bitstream/1892/5643/1/b12748419.pdf|Rossner, Vivian F. A description and critique of David P. Ausubel’s model of learning. Thesis (M.A. (Ed.)), Simon Fraser University, 1982.]])). Ausubel's theory is also in most of its claims quite opposite of [[http://www.psych.nyu.edu/bruner/|Jerome Bruner]]'s [[instructional_design:discovery learning]]. |
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| [[http://imet.csus.edu/imet10/281/docs/ivie_1998.pdf|Ivie, Stanley D. Ausubel's Learning Theory: An Approach To Teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills.(educational psychologist David Paul Ausubel). High School Journal 82.1: 35(1). Expanded Academic ASAP. Thomson Gale. CSU Sacramento University Library. 13 October 2006.]] | [[http://imet.csus.edu/imet10/281/docs/ivie_1998.pdf|Ivie, Stanley D. Ausubel's Learning Theory: An Approach To Teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills.(educational psychologist David Paul Ausubel). High School Journal 82.1: 35(1). Expanded Academic ASAP. Thomson Gale. CSU Sacramento University Library. 13 October 2006.]] | ||
| + | [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=xCfeUdolvM4C&pg=PA22&dq=Ausubel+David&hl=hr&ei=2mHBTd6VDMyeOrGyjJ4I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Ausubel%20David&f=false|Mohan, Radha. Innovative Science Teaching: For Physical Science Teachers 3Rd Ed. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2007.]] | ||
| ===== Read more ===== | ===== Read more ===== | ||
learning_theories/assimilation_theory.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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