learning_theories:connectionism
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learning_theories:connectionism [2011/02/11 15:00] jpetrovic [What is connectionism?] |
learning_theories:connectionism [2011/02/11 15:22] jpetrovic [Criticisms] |
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| In his book on learning of mathematics((Thorndike, E. The Psychology of Arithmetic. New York: Macmillan. 1922.)), Thorndike suggested problems children are expected to solve and learn from should be realistic. He also emphasizes importance of repetition and insists on repetative practice of basic arithmetic operations. Some of the principles in this book even seem inconsistent with his views on learning: here he refers to learning as meaningful and insightful. Well-learned basic skills enable learning of higher-order skills. | In his book on learning of mathematics((Thorndike, E. The Psychology of Arithmetic. New York: Macmillan. 1922.)), Thorndike suggested problems children are expected to solve and learn from should be realistic. He also emphasizes importance of repetition and insists on repetative practice of basic arithmetic operations. Some of the principles in this book even seem inconsistent with his views on learning: here he refers to learning as meaningful and insightful. Well-learned basic skills enable learning of higher-order skills. | ||
| + | Thorndike is also credited for introduction and standardization of a number of tests of knowledge and intelligence. In his own words, | ||
| + | * //Whatever exists at all exists in some amount.//((Thorndike, Edward L. Individual differences. Psychological bulletin. 1918.)) | ||
| ===== What is the practical meaning of connectivism? ===== | ===== What is the practical meaning of connectivism? ===== | ||
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| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
| - | Thorndike tried to prove that all forms of thoughts and behaviors can be explained through repetition and reward, without need for introducing any unobservable internal states, yet this is **today** generally **considered incorrect**. Connectionism was in the first decades of 20th century succeeded by [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism]], but Thorndike's experiments also inspired [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychology]]. | + | Thorndike tried to prove that all forms of thoughts and behaviors can be explained through S-R relations with use of repetition and reward, without need for introducing any unobservable internal states, yet this is **today** generally **considered incorrect**. This //learning through response// was later in 20th century replaced by //learning as knowledge construction//. Connectionism was in the first decades of 20th century succeeded by [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism]], but Thorndike's experiments also inspired [[learning_theories:gestalt_psychology|gestalt psychology]]. |
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