learning_theories:connectionism
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learning_theories:connectionism [2011/06/29 14:47] jpetrovic [What is connectionism?] |
learning_theories:connectionism [2011/06/29 15:09] jpetrovic [What is connectionism?] |
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| [[http://historyofpsych.blogspot.com/2010/01/american-behaviorism.html|{{ images:thorndikes_cat.jpg|Thorndike's cat experiment. Image borrowed from: History of Psychology: American Behaviorism. Click on the picture to follow the link. }}]] | [[http://historyofpsych.blogspot.com/2010/01/american-behaviorism.html|{{ images:thorndikes_cat.jpg|Thorndike's cat experiment. Image borrowed from: History of Psychology: American Behaviorism. Click on the picture to follow the link. }}]] | ||
| - | At the very end of the 19th century Thorndike, one of key connectionists, performed experiments first on chickens and later on cats and dogs to analyze how animals learn. In one experiment, he placed a hungry cat inside a //puzzle box//, which had a mechanism that would open the doors of the box every time a string would be pulled or a button pushed. After each successful escape out of the box by opening its doors, the cat needed a bit less time to repeat the required process next time. The desired behavior slowly increased. Based on this experiment Thorndike concluded that learning is **incremental** and **not [[:glossary#insightful_learning|insightful]]**, since the learning of the correct response occurred only through repetition //trial and error// forming of associations between situation and response. Established connections or knowledge, according to Thorndike also cause and determine intelligence. | + | At the very end of the 19th century Thorndike, one of most commonly mentioned connectionists and an important learning theorist, performed experiments first on chickens and later on cats and dogs to analyze how animals learn. In one experiment, he placed a hungry cat inside a //puzzle box//, which had a mechanism that would open the doors of the box every time a string would be pulled or a button pushed. After each successful escape out of the box by opening its doors, the cat needed a bit less time to repeat the required process next time. The desired behavior slowly increased. Based on this experiment Thorndike concluded that learning is **incremental** and **not [[:glossary#insightful_learning|insightful]]**, since the learning of the correct response occurred only through repetition //trial and error// forming of associations between situation and response. Established connections or knowledge, according to Thorndike also cause and determine intelligence. |
| - | To explain observed properties of learning, Thorndike introduced three laws of learning. | + | To explain observed properties of learning, Thorndike introduced three laws of learning:(([[http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~foreman/itec800/finalprojects/annie/thorndike%27slaw.html|Foreman, Kim. Learning Laws of Thorndike - brief overview.]])) |
| * __**Law of exercise**__ (also referred to //as law of use// or //law of frequency//), which states that stimulus-response (S-R) associations are strengthened through **repetition** or weakened through lack of repetition. | * __**Law of exercise**__ (also referred to //as law of use// or //law of frequency//), which states that stimulus-response (S-R) associations are strengthened through **repetition** or weakened through lack of repetition. | ||
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| [[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/education.htm|Thorndike, E. The Contribution of Psychology to Education. The Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 5-12. 1910.]] | [[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/education.htm|Thorndike, E. The Contribution of Psychology to Education. The Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 5-12. 1910.]] | ||
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| + | [[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/Transfer/transfer1.htm|E. L. Thorndike and R. S. Woodworth. The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. Psychological Review, no. 8: 247-261. 1901.]] | ||
| [[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/Animal/index.htm|Thorndike, E. Animal Intelligence. 1911.]] | [[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/Animal/index.htm|Thorndike, E. Animal Intelligence. 1911.]] | ||
learning_theories/connectionism.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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