learning_theories:connectionism
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision Next revision Both sides next revision | ||
|
learning_theories:connectionism [2011/06/29 15:57] jpetrovic [What is connectionism?] |
learning_theories:connectionism [2011/06/29 16:07] jpetrovic [What is the practical meaning of connectivism?] |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| ===== What is connectionism? ===== | ===== What is connectionism? ===== | ||
| - | Connectionism was based on [[chunks:principles of associationism]], but it expanded these assumptions by introducing ideas like [[:glossary#distributed_representations|distributed representations]] and supervised learning(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.7504&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Medler, David A. A Brief History of Connectionism. Neural Computing Surveys, 1(2), p18-72. 1998.]])) and should not be confused with associationism. | + | Connectionism was based on [[chunks:principles of associationism]], mostly claiming that elements or ideas become associated with one another through experience and that complex ideas can be explained through a set of simple rules, but connectionism further expanded these assumptions and introduced ideas like [[:glossary#distributed_representations|distributed representations]] and supervised learning(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.7504&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Medler, David A. A Brief History of Connectionism. Neural Computing Surveys, 1(2), p18-72. 1998.]])) and should not be confused with associationism. |
| - | Thorndike is the most commonly cited connectionist. Central to his ideas on learning were three laws of learning, which should have accounted for both human and animal learning:(([[http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~foreman/itec800/finalprojects/annie/thorndike%27slaw.html|Foreman, Kim. Learning Laws of Thorndike - brief overview.]] Retrieved June 24, 2011.)) | + | Thorndike, the most commonly cited connectionist, summed his ideas on learning intoo three laws of learning, which should have accounted for both human and animal learning:(([[http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~foreman/itec800/finalprojects/annie/thorndike%27slaw.html|Foreman, Kim. Learning Laws of Thorndike - brief overview.]] Retrieved June 24, 2011.)) |
| * __**Law of exercise**__ (also referred to //as law of use// or //law of frequency//), which states that stimulus-response (S-R) associations are strengthened through **repetition** or weakened through lack of repetition. | * __**Law of exercise**__ (also referred to //as law of use// or //law of frequency//), which states that stimulus-response (S-R) associations are strengthened through **repetition** or weakened through lack of repetition. | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| * __**Law of readiness**__ which claims learning is facilitated by learner's readiness (emotional and motivational) to learn. This potential to learn leads to frustration if not satisfied. | * __**Law of readiness**__ which claims learning is facilitated by learner's readiness (emotional and motivational) to learn. This potential to learn leads to frustration if not satisfied. | ||
| - | This laws have set the basic principles of behaviorist **stimulus-response learning**. | + | This laws have set the basic principles of behaviorist **stimulus-response learning**, which was according to Thorndike the key form of learning. |
| Thorndike also performed a number of [[chunks:Thorndikes_experiment|experiments on animals]] concluding that learning is **incremental** and **not [[:glossary#insightful_learning|insightful]]**. Established S-R connections or knowledge, according to Thorndike also cause and determine intelligence. | Thorndike also performed a number of [[chunks:Thorndikes_experiment|experiments on animals]] concluding that learning is **incremental** and **not [[:glossary#insightful_learning|insightful]]**. Established S-R connections or knowledge, according to Thorndike also cause and determine intelligence. | ||
| Line 27: | Line 26: | ||
| ===== What is the practical meaning of connectivism? ===== | ===== What is the practical meaning of connectivism? ===== | ||
| - | Connectionism was at its time considered a general theory of learning for both humans and animals. Thorndike's ideas which could well be applied for learning are the idea that rewards promote learning and that repetition enhances learning. | + | Practical implications of Thorndike's ideas are suggested through his laws of learning: |
| + | |||
| + | * rewards promote learning, but punishments do not lead to learning, | ||
| + | * repetition enhances learning, and | ||
| In his book on learning of mathematics((Thorndike, E. The Psychology of Arithmetic. New York: Macmillan. 1922.)), Thorndike suggested problems children are expected to solve and learn from should be realistic. For example learning to multiply by three should be learned in context of converting feet to yards. He also emphasizes importance of **repetition** and insists on repetitive practice of basic arithmetic operations. Some of the principles in this book even seem inconsistent with his views on learning: here he refers to learning as meaningful and insightful. Well-learned basic skills enable learning of higher-order skills. | In his book on learning of mathematics((Thorndike, E. The Psychology of Arithmetic. New York: Macmillan. 1922.)), Thorndike suggested problems children are expected to solve and learn from should be realistic. For example learning to multiply by three should be learned in context of converting feet to yards. He also emphasizes importance of **repetition** and insists on repetitive practice of basic arithmetic operations. Some of the principles in this book even seem inconsistent with his views on learning: here he refers to learning as meaningful and insightful. Well-learned basic skills enable learning of higher-order skills. | ||
learning_theories/connectionism.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
