learning_theories:dual_coding_theory
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learning_theories:dual_coding_theory [2011/06/17 14:35] jpetrovic [What is dual coding theory?] |
learning_theories:dual_coding_theory [2011/06/21 13:21] jpetrovic [General] |
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| ===== General ===== | ===== General ===== | ||
| - | Dual coding is a theory of cognition introduced by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Paivio|Allan Pavio]] in late 1960s. This theory suggests **two distinct subsystems** contributing to cognition: one is specialized **for language** and verbal information, and the other **for images** and non-verbal information. | + | Dual coding is a theory of cognition introduced by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Paivio|Allan Pavio]] in late 1960s. This theory suggests that there are **two distinct subsystems** contributing to cognition: one is specialized **for language** and verbal information, and the other **for images** and non-verbal information. The non-verbal processor was earlier often ignored in favor of the verbal. |
| ===== What is dual coding theory? ===== | ===== What is dual coding theory? ===== | ||
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| These two kinds of processing systems result in two types of stored representations: | These two kinds of processing systems result in two types of stored representations: | ||
| - | * **logogens**, referring to verbal entities, and | + | * **logogens**, referring to verbal entities and organized in terms of associations and hierarchies, and |
| - | * **imagens**, referring to mental images and non-verbal entities. | + | * **imagens**, referring to mental images and non-verbal entities and organized in terms of part-whole relationships. |
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| + | Logogens and imagens are connected with two kinds of relations: | ||
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| + | * **//Referential connections//**, which represent links between logogens and imagens. Referential connections enable performing operations like imaging to words and namings to pictures or images to words. For example, associations of an image of a school building or an unpleasant feeling (both non-verbal entities) elicited by the word //school// (a verbal entity). | ||
| + | * **//Associative connections//**, which represent connections between logogens or between imagens. Associative connections on the other hand enable forming verbal-verbal or non-verbal-non-verbal associations. For example, the word //school// can elicit verbal entities //blackboard//, or //boredom//. | ||
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| + | Both referential and associative types of connections help forming the complex networks of human memory. | ||
| - | Links between verbal and non-verbal representations are called **//referential connections//** and connections within each of those two systems are called //associative connections//. Referential connections enable performing operations like imaging to words and namings to pictures or images to words. For example, associations of an image of a school building or an unpleasant feeling (both non-verbal entities) elicited by the word //school// (a verbal entity). Associative connections on the other hand enable forming verbal-verbal or non-verbal-non-verbal associations. For example, the word //school// can elicit verbal entities //blackboard//, or //boredom//. | ||
| - | Both types of connections help forming the complex networks of human memory. | ||
| ===== What is the practical meaning of dual coding theory? ===== | ===== What is the practical meaning of dual coding theory? ===== | ||
| + | Dual coding theory suggests that combining verbal and graphical material in learning (or just encouraging students to generate appropriate mental images) should increase the probability that words will activate corresponding images and vice-versa. This also means that learning material will be easier to relate if it is less abstract. | ||
| + | Pavio also addresses individual differences in tendency and capacity to use imagery: | ||
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| + | * "//Students who have trouble imaging , for example, may fail to remember passages of text that benefit from imaginal processing, may not understand geography or other spatial facts in a concrete way, and might do poorly at visualizing the steps in a geometric proof, spelling difficult words or even printing letters correctly.//" | ||
| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
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| ===== Bibliography ===== | ===== Bibliography ===== | ||
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| + | Paivio, Allan. Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach. Oxford University Press, 1990. | ||
learning_theories/dual_coding_theory.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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