learning_theories:experiential_learning
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learning_theories:experiential_learning [2011/03/31 16:30] jpetrovic [Read more] |
learning_theories:experiential_learning [2011/04/01 13:20] jpetrovic [What is experiential learning?] |
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| ===== General ===== | ===== General ===== | ||
| - | Experiential learning is a **cycle learning theory** developed((Some sources like [[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/learningmap.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology]] or [[http://tip.psychology.org/|Kearsley G. Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database]] associate experiential learning with [[http://www.nrogers.com/carlrogersbio.html|Carl Rogers]].)) by [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/3114/David-Kolb.html|David Kolb]] in 1980s and was inspired by earlier works of [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/lewin.htm|Kurt Lewin]], [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]] and [[http://dewey.pragmatism.org/|John Dewey]]. As it was developed within [[learning_paradigms:humanism|humanist paradigm]], experiential learning offers a **holistic perspective on learning** and is orientated mostly on adult learning. Name of this theory was intended to should emphasize the importance of experience in the learning process. | + | Experiential learning is a **cycle learning theory** introduced by [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/3114/David-Kolb.html|David Kolb]]((Some sources like [[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/learningmap.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology]] or [[http://tip.psychology.org/|Kearsley G. Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database]] associate experiential learning with [[http://www.nrogers.com/carlrogersbio.html|Carl Rogers]].)) in 1971((Kolb, D. A. Individual learning styles and the learning process. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1971.)) and was inspired by earlier works of [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/lewin.htm|Kurt Lewin]], [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]] and [[http://dewey.pragmatism.org/|John Dewey]]. As it was developed within [[learning_paradigms:humanism|humanist paradigm]], experiential learning offers a **holistic perspective on learning** and is orientated mostly on adult learning. Name of this theory was intended to should emphasize the importance of experience in the learning process. |
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| [[http://www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm|{{ :images:kolb.jpg?650x520|Kolb's learning styles and stages. Image borrowed from: http://www.businessballs.com/... Click on the picture to follow the link.}}]] | [[http://www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm|{{ :images:kolb.jpg?650x520|Kolb's learning styles and stages. Image borrowed from: http://www.businessballs.com/... Click on the picture to follow the link.}}]] | ||
| - | * **Concrete experience** (CE) - practical experiencing through doing | + | * Concrete experience (CE) - practical experiencing through doing |
| * Reflective observation (RO) - actively **observing** experience and its outcomes | * Reflective observation (RO) - actively **observing** experience and its outcomes | ||
| * Abstract conceptualization (AC) - concluding and **thinking** about the experience | * Abstract conceptualization (AC) - concluding and **thinking** about the experience | ||
| - | * **Active experimentation** (AE) - planing on how to test a new model or theory | + | * Active experimentation (AE) - planing on how to test a new model or theory |
| Mentioned **stages follow one after another** forming a circle as they were introduced above, yet the process of **learning can begin in any of them**. Still, every learner develops strengths in some of mentioned stages more than in others and learn better in those conditions, what results in four **learning styles** identified also by Kolb: | Mentioned **stages follow one after another** forming a circle as they were introduced above, yet the process of **learning can begin in any of them**. Still, every learner develops strengths in some of mentioned stages more than in others and learn better in those conditions, what results in four **learning styles** identified also by Kolb: | ||
| - | * Assimilator (prefers **abstract conceptualizations** and theoretical models) | + | * **Assimilator** - Prefers **abstract conceptualizations** and theoretical models, requires time to think through. Values **logical validity** more than practical applications. |
| - | * Converger (prefers **practical applications** of concepts and theories he learns) | + | * **Converger** - Prefers **practical applications** of concepts and theories he learns and like experimenting. They are often good problem solvers and like dealing with technical issues. |
| - | * Accommodator (prefers **practical experiences** with concepts and theories he learns) | + | * **Accommodator** - Prefers **practical experiences** and acting more according to the feeling than based on logical analysis. |
| - | * Diverger - Prefers learning through observing and **collecting information**, good at viewing concrete situations from different points of view. According to Kolb et al.(()) research has shown this kind of people are often imaginative and emotional, and often specialize in arts. | + | * **Diverger** - Prefers **learning through observing** and **collecting information**, good at viewing concrete situations from different points of view. According to Kolb et al.(([[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247. 2001.]])) research has shown this kind of people are often **imaginative** and emotional, and often specialize in **arts**. |
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| + | Kolb and other researchers(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.6489&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Kolb, D A. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces : Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning Education 4, no. 2: 193-212. 2005.]])) | ||
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| In order to identify preferred learning style in Kolb's model, "**[[http://www.haygroup.com/au/services/index.aspx?ID=14323|learning style inventory]]**" method has been developed. This **method for determining an individual’s optimal learning style**, strengths and weaknesses consists of a survey which explores one's perceiving (how one prefers to acquire information) and processing (how one makes sense of new things). Various variants of this method can be found in simplified free on-line tests((For example: [[http://casa.colorado.edu/~dduncan/teachingseminar/KolbLearningStyleInventoryInfo.pdf|Duncan, D. Kolb Learning Style Inventory. University of Colorado at Boulder.]])). | In order to identify preferred learning style in Kolb's model, "**[[http://www.haygroup.com/au/services/index.aspx?ID=14323|learning style inventory]]**" method has been developed. This **method for determining an individual’s optimal learning style**, strengths and weaknesses consists of a survey which explores one's perceiving (how one prefers to acquire information) and processing (how one makes sense of new things). Various variants of this method can be found in simplified free on-line tests((For example: [[http://casa.colorado.edu/~dduncan/teachingseminar/KolbLearningStyleInventoryInfo.pdf|Duncan, D. Kolb Learning Style Inventory. University of Colorado at Boulder.]])). | ||
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| * **Divergers** - prefer **watching**, **collecting information**, **working in groups** and brainstorm instead of having practical experience. | * **Divergers** - prefer **watching**, **collecting information**, **working in groups** and brainstorm instead of having practical experience. | ||
| + | Kolb's theory was applied in a number of studies on topics that include education, computer and information science, psychology, management, medicine, nursing, accounting and law(([[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247. 2001.]])). | ||
| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
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| ===== Bibliography ===== | ===== Bibliography ===== | ||
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| + | [[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247. 2001.]] | ||
| [[http://www.learning-theories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.html|Experiential Learning (Kolb) at Learning Theories.]] Retrieved February 9, 2011. | [[http://www.learning-theories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.html|Experiential Learning (Kolb) at Learning Theories.]] Retrieved February 9, 2011. | ||
learning_theories/experiential_learning.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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