learning_theories:experiential_learning
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learning_theories:experiential_learning [2011/04/01 14:48] jpetrovic [What is experiential learning?] |
learning_theories:experiential_learning [2011/08/17 10:27] jpetrovic [General] |
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| ===== General ===== | ===== General ===== | ||
| - | Experiential learning is a **cycle learning theory** introduced by [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/3114/David-Kolb.html|David Kolb]]((Some sources like [[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/learningmap.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology]] or [[http://tip.psychology.org/|Kearsley G. Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database]] associate experiential learning with [[http://www.nrogers.com/carlrogersbio.html|Carl Rogers]].)) in 1971((Kolb, D. A. Individual learning styles and the learning process. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1971.)) and was inspired by earlier works of [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/lewin.htm|Kurt Lewin]], [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]] and [[http://dewey.pragmatism.org/|John Dewey]]. As it was developed within [[learning_paradigms:humanism|humanist paradigm]], experiential learning offers a **holistic perspective on learning** and is orientated mostly on adult learning. Name of this theory was intended to should emphasize the importance of experience in the learning process. | + | Experiential learning is a **cycle learning theory** introduced by [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/3114/David-Kolb.html|David Kolb]]((Some sources like [[http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/learningmap.html|Cooper, S. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology]] or [[http://tip.psychology.org/|Kearsley G. Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database]] associate experiential learning with [[http://www.nrogers.com/carlrogersbio.html|Carl Rogers]].)) in 1971((Kolb, D. A. Individual learning styles and the learning process. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1971.)) and was inspired by earlier works of [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/lewin.htm|Kurt Lewin]], [[http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html|Jean Piaget]]((See also: [[learning_theories:Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]])) and [[http://dewey.pragmatism.org/|John Dewey]]. As it was developed within [[learning_paradigms:humanism|humanist paradigm]], experiential learning offers a **holistic perspective on learning** and is orientated mostly on adult learning. Name of this theory was intended to should emphasize the importance of experience in the learning process. |
| + | ELT defines learning as | ||
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| + | * "//the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping and transforming experience.//"(([[http://www.google.hr/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBYQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Facademic.regis.edu%2Fed205%2FKolb.pdf&rct=j&q=kolb84%20Kolb%20Experiential%20learning.pdf&ei=24NKTsCeMsee-wb_xI2cCQ&usg=AFQjCNGdXkEjcY7T1FMOw2SMAxS4Goz96w&cad=rja|Kolb, David A. Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice-Hall, 1984.]])) | ||
| ===== What is experiential learning? ===== | ===== What is experiential learning? ===== | ||
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| + | The experiential learning theory is based on six propositions(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.6489&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Kolb, Alice Y., and David A. Kolb. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces : Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning Education 4, no. 2: 193-212, 2005.]])) short described with the following three: | ||
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| + | - Learning is best described as a holistic process of creating knowledge and adapting to the world. | ||
| + | - Learning is actually relearning, since it is greatly dependent on already learned material. | ||
| + | - Learning is driven by conflict, differences, and disagreement and results in assimilation and accommodation. | ||
| In his influential book "[[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Experiential-Learning-Experience-Source-Development/dp/0132952610#reader_0132952610|Experiential Learning: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Development]]" (1984) Kolb describes learning as "//the process whereby **knowledge is created through the transformation of experience**//". Kolb suggests two opposite modes of getting experience: | In his influential book "[[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Experiential-Learning-Experience-Source-Development/dp/0132952610#reader_0132952610|Experiential Learning: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Development]]" (1984) Kolb describes learning as "//the process whereby **knowledge is created through the transformation of experience**//". Kolb suggests two opposite modes of getting experience: | ||
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| * **Northerner** - Strong in CE and balanced in AE and RO modes. Has a capacity for deep involvement and learns through experimenting, but has problems with conceptualizations. | * **Northerner** - Strong in CE and balanced in AE and RO modes. Has a capacity for deep involvement and learns through experimenting, but has problems with conceptualizations. | ||
| * **Westerner** - Strong in AE and balanced in CE and AC modes. Has great action skills and possibilities for thinking and conceptualizing, but problems with analyzing past experience. | * **Westerner** - Strong in AE and balanced in CE and AC modes. Has great action skills and possibilities for thinking and conceptualizing, but problems with analyzing past experience. | ||
| - | * **Easterner** - | + | * **Easterner** - Strong in RO and balanced in CE and AC modes. Has great observation and reflection skills as well as learning from concrete experience, but problems with putting his plans into action. |
| - | * **Southerner** - | + | * **Southerner** - Strong in AC and balanced in AE and RO modes. Has great conceptualization skills, but little use of practical experiences. |
| * **Balancing** - Evenly balancing both modes of acquiring experience and both modes of transforming that experience into knowledge. | * **Balancing** - Evenly balancing both modes of acquiring experience and both modes of transforming that experience into knowledge. | ||
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| * **Divergers** - prefer **watching**, **collecting information**, **working in groups** and brainstorm instead of having practical experience. | * **Divergers** - prefer **watching**, **collecting information**, **working in groups** and brainstorm instead of having practical experience. | ||
| - | Kolb's theory was applied in a number of studies on topics that include education, computer and information science, psychology, management, medicine, nursing, accounting and law(([[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247. 2001.]])). | + | Kolb's theory was applied in a number of studies on topics that include education, computer and information science, psychology, management, medicine, nursing, accounting and law(([[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247. 2001.]]))(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.6489&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Kolb, D A. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces : Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning Education 4, no. 2: 193-212. 2005.]])). |
| ===== Criticisms ===== | ===== Criticisms ===== | ||
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| ===== Keywords and most important names ===== | ===== Keywords and most important names ===== | ||
| - | * **Concrete experience (CE)**, **reflective observation (RO)**, **abstract conceptualization (AC)**, **active experimentation (AE)**, **assimilator**, **converger**, **accomodator**, **diverger**, **learning style inventory**, **learning styles** | + | * **Concrete experience (CE)**, **reflective observation (RO)**, **abstract conceptualization (AC)**, **active experimentation (AE)**, **assimilator**, **converger**, **accomodator**, **diverger**, **learning style inventory**, **learning styles**, **northerner**, **westerner**, **easterner**, **southerner**, **balancing ** |
| * [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/3114/David-Kolb.html|David Kolb]] | * [[http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/3114/David-Kolb.html|David Kolb]] | ||
learning_theories/experiential_learning.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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