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--- learning_theories:experiential_learning [2011/08/17 11:29]
jpetrovic [What is experiential learning?]
+++ learning_theories:experiential_learning [2011/08/17 13:38]
jpetrovic [What is the practical meaning of experiential learning?]
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
     * **Diverger** - Strong in CE and RO modes. Prefers **learning through observing** and **collecting information**, good at viewing concrete situations from different points of view. This kind of people are often imaginative and emotional, and often specialize in arts.(([[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247. 2001.]]))
-[[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|{{:images:kolb9.jpg?500x500|The new 9 learning styles. Notice how the old learning styles now form the corners of the rectangle. Image borrowed from: Kolb, D A. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces: Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Click on the picture to follow the link.}}]]
+[[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|{{:images:kolb9.jpg?400x400 |The new 9 learning styles. Notice how the old learning styles now form the corners of the rectangle. Image borrowed from: Kolb, D A. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces: Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Click on the picture to follow the link.}}]]
-Kolb and other researchers(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.6489&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Kolb, Alice Y., and David A. Kolb. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces : Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning Education 4, no. 2: 193-212, 2005.]])) later improved the resolution of the learning styles grid from 2x2 to 3x3 by introducing five new learning styles, that offered a refinement of the four original styles:
+Kolb's model was later refined by himself and other researchers(([[http://tcp.sagepub.com/content/13/3/477.abstract|Abbey, David S., David E. Hunt, and John C. Weiser. Variations on a Theme by Kolb. The Counseling Psychologist 13, no. 3: 477 -501, 1985.]]))(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=FqZ9AAAAMAAJ|Hunt, David Ellis. Beginning with ourselves in practice, theory, and human affairs. Brookline Books, 1987.]]))(([[http://www.google.hr/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CDEQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Flearningfromexperience.com%2Fmedia%2F2010%2F08%2FAdaptive-flexibility-2000.pdf&rct=j&q=Learning%20styles%20and%20adaptive%20flexibility&ei=wJJLTsipB4ee-QbUgoT3CA&usg=AFQjCNEtw0y7d9xEjMbQGRCJW4B0K7Kycg&cad=rja|Mainemelis, Charalampos, Richard E. Boyatzis, and David A. Kolb. Learning Styles and Adaptive Flexibility. Management Learning 33, no. 1: 5-33, March 2002.]])) through improvement of the learning styles grid resolution from 2x2 to 3x3 by introducing five additional learning styles(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.6489&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Kolb, Alice Y., and David A. Kolb. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces : Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning Education 4, no. 2: 193-212, 2005.]])):
   * **Northerner** - Strong in CE and balanced in AE and RO modes. Has a capacity for deep involvement and learns through experimenting, but has problems with conceptualizations.
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
   * **Balancing** - Evenly balancing both modes of acquiring experience and both modes of transforming that experience into knowledge.
-In order to identify preferred learning style in Kolb's model, "**[[http://www.haygroup.com/au/services/index.aspx?ID=14323|learning style inventory]]**" method has been developed. This **method for determining an individual’s optimal learning style**, strengths and weaknesses consists of a survey which explores one's perceiving (how one prefers to acquire information) and processing (how one makes sense of new things). Various variants of this method can be found in simplified free on-line tests((For example: [[http://casa.colorado.edu/~dduncan/teachingseminar/KolbLearningStyleInventoryInfo.pdf|Duncan, D. Kolb Learning Style Inventory. University of Colorado at Boulder.]])).
+In order to identify preferred learning style in Kolb's model, "**[[http://www.haygroup.com/au/services/index.aspx?ID=14323|learning style inventory]]**" method has been developed. This **method for determining an individual’s optimal learning style**, strengths and weaknesses consists of a survey which explores one's perceiving (how one prefers to acquire information) and processing (how one makes sense of new things). Various variants of this method can be found in simplified free on-line tests((For example: [[http://casa.colorado.edu/~dduncan/teachingseminar/KolbLearningStyleInventoryInfo.pdf|Duncan, D. Kolb Learning Style Inventory. University of Colorado at Boulder.]])) and newer methods like //the adaptive style inventory// or //the learning skills profile//  have also been introduced(([[http://www.google.hr/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CDEQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Flearningfromexperience.com%2Fmedia%2F2010%2F08%2FAdaptive-flexibility-2000.pdf&rct=j&q=Learning%20styles%20and%20adaptive%20flexibility&ei=wJJLTsipB4ee-QbUgoT3CA&usg=AFQjCNEtw0y7d9xEjMbQGRCJW4B0K7Kycg&cad=rja|Mainemelis, Charalampos, Richard E. Boyatzis, and David A. Kolb. Learning Styles and Adaptive Flexibility. Management Learning 33, no. 1: 5 -33, March 2002.]])).
 ===== What is the practical meaning of experiential learning? =====
-Experiential learning is a model **suggested for adult learners**. General implications of this model are that **teaching/learning process should consist of all four stages of Kolb's model**, but it also suggests **individual changes** should be applied, depending on learners learning style.
+Experiential learning is a model **suggested for adult learners**. General implications of this model are that teaching/learning process should consist of all four stages of Kolb's model, but it also suggests **individual changes** should be applied, depending on learners learning style.
   * **Assimilators** - prefer **watching**, **thinking** and **good explanations of theories and ideas** to practical experiences. This kind of learners usually enjoy lectures and readings as well as having enough time to think about new ideas.
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
   * **Divergers** - prefer **watching**, **collecting information**, **working in groups** and brainstorm instead of having practical experience.
-Kolb's theory was applied in a number of studies on topics that include education, computer and information science, psychology, management, medicine, nursing, accounting and law(([[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247. 2001.]]))(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.6489&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Kolb, D A. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces : Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning Education 4, no. 2: 193-212. 2005.]])).
+Kolb's theory was applied in a number of studies on topics that include (online) education, computer and information science, psychology, management, medicine, nursing, accounting and law.(([[http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/experiential-learning-theory.pdf|Kolb, D. A, R. E Boyatzis, and C. Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. The educational psychology series: 227–247, 2001.]]))(([[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.6489&rep=rep1&type=pdf|Kolb, D A. Learning Styles and Learning Spaces : Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning Education 4, no. 2: 193-212. 2005.]]))(([[http://www.sicet.org/journals/ijttl/issue0501/Richmond.Vol1.Iss1.pp45-54.pdf|Richmond, A. S, and R. Cummings. Implementing Kolb’s learning styles into online distance education. International Journal of Technology in Teaching and Learning 1, no. 1: 45–54, 2005.]])) It has also influenced other authors to create similar models for determining of preferred learning style. The critique that Kolb's learning styles inventory was difficult to apply to people who never really paid attention to how they learn more efficiently encouraged [[http://peterhoney.org/|Peter Honey]] and [[http://www.spoke.com/info/p6KOsS0/AlanMumford|Alan Mumford]] to create their //Learning Styles Questionnaire//(([[www.peterhoney.com/|Honey & Mumford Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ)]])). It was based on Kolb's theory, but instead of asking people how they learn it was probing for most common learning behaviors. Other similar models include: [[http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/learning/Gregorc.htm|Anthony Gregorc]]'s //Mind Styles Model//(([[http://www.amazon.com/Mind-Styles-Model-Principles-Applications/dp/B000N5LRJA|The Mind Styles Model: Theory, Principles, and Applications. AFG, 2006.]]))
 ===== Criticisms =====
-Kolb's theory has influenced other authors to create similar models for determining of preferred learning style. The critique that Kolb's learning styles inventory was difficult to apply to people who never really paid attention to how they learn more efficiently encouraged Peter Honey and Alan Mumford to create their //learning styles questionnaire// (LSQ). It was based on Kolb's theory, but instead of asking people how they learn it was probing for most common learning behaviors.
 Some of the criticisms(([[http://reviewing.co.uk/research/experiential.learning.htm#2#ixzz1HFOLReyw|Greenaway, R. Experiential Learning articles and critiques of David Kolb's theory]])) referring to Kolb's theory include((Forrest, C. Kolb's Learning Cycle. Train the Trainer. Issue 12, 2004.)):

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