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--- learning_theories:social_cognitive_learning_theory [2011/07/11 10:08]
jpetrovic
+++ learning_theories:social_cognitive_learning_theory [2011/07/11 11:49]
jpetrovic [What is social cognitive theory?]
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 ===== What is social cognitive theory? =====
-Basic principles of social cognitive theory were set in eralier works of [[http://psych.fullerton.edu/jmearns/rotter.htm|Julian Rotter]](([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=kx1sAAAAMAAJ|Rotter, Julian B. Social learning and clinical psychology. Prentice-Hall, 1954.]])), Neal Miller and [[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/dollard_john.html|John Dollard]]((Miller, N. E. and Dollard, J. Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1941)). Bandura’s social learning theory starts from evolved assumption that we can learn by observing others. Key processes during this type of learning are observation, imitation, and modeling which as such involve **attention, memory, and motivation**(([[http://tip.psychology.org/bandura.html|Kearsley, Greg. TIP: Social Learning Theory  (A. Bandura).]])). People **learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors**.
+Basic principles of social cognitive theory were set in eralier works of [[http://psych.fullerton.edu/jmearns/rotter.htm|Julian Rotter]](([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=kx1sAAAAMAAJ|Rotter, Julian B. Social learning and clinical psychology. Prentice-Hall, 1954.]])), Neal Miller and [[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/dollard_john.html|John Dollard]]((Miller, N. E. and Dollard, J. Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1941)). Bandura’s social learning theory starts from evolved assumption that we can learn by observing others. Key processes during this type of learning are observation, imitation, and modeling which as such involve **attention, memory, and motivation**(([[http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/comm/bandur-s.mhtml|Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura. In Griffin E. (Eds.) A First Look at Communication Theory. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1999.]])). People **learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors**.
-This theory therefore outgrows [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorism]] and forms its connection to [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]] as it claims **people don't just respond to stimuli**, but **interpret them as well** and includes cognitive aspects like motivation and attention. People are shaped by the outside world and at the same time they shape the outside world ("**reciprocal determinism**") instead of just being machines modeled and conditioned by the environment. Bandura's theory is therefore often considered a bridge between behaviorist and cognitivist learning perspectives.
+This theory therefore outgrows [[learning_paradigms:behaviorism|behaviorism]] and forms its connection to [[learning_paradigms:cognitivism]] as it claims **people don't just respond to stimuli**, but **interpret them as well** and includes cognitive aspects like motivation and attention.(([[http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/comm/bandur-s.mhtml|Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura. In Griffin E. (Eds.) A First Look at Communication Theory. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1999.]])) People are shaped by the outside world and at the same time they shape the outside world ("**reciprocal determinism**") instead of just being machines modeled and conditioned by the environment.(([[http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html|Social Learning Theory (Bandura). Learning Theories Knowledgebase.]])) Bandura's theory is therefore often considered a bridge between behaviorist and cognitivist learning perspectives.
 [[http://www.soawe.com/time/?tag=What-is-a-bobo-doll|{{  images:bobo-doll.jpg?230x150|Bobo doll experiment. Image borrowed from: http://www.soawe.com/time/?tag=What-is-a-bobo-doll. Click on the picture to follow the link.  }}]]
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 Most famous Bandura's experiment is the **//Bobo doll experiment//**, conducted in two forms in 1961 and 1963. In the experiment, a video of an adult behaving violently to a Bobo doll (inflatable, egg-shape balloon doll with a weight in the bottom part) was shown to three groups of children. The end of the video was, however, different for each group. The first video ended with the adult being rewarded for the violent behavior, in the second video he was punished for it, and in the third no consequences of his behavior were shown. After that, the children were let to play with the doll. The results showed how children imitated observed behavior, both boys and girls (although boys in greater percentage). The behavior was mostly imitated by the children from the group where violent behavior was rewarded in the video. As Bandura assumed, behavior was most likely to be adopted if it's result is observed as valuable.
-The process of observational learning or modeling includes several steps(([[http://tip.psychology.org/bandura.html|Kearsley, Greg. TIP: Social Learning Theory  (A. Bandura).]])):
+The process of observational learning or modeling includes several steps(([[http://tip.psychology.org/bandura.html|Kearsley, Greg. TIP: Social Learning Theory  (A. Bandura).]]))(([[http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/comm/bandur-s.mhtml|Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura. In Griffin E. (Eds.) A First Look at Communication Theory. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1999.]]))(([[http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html|Social Learning Theory (Bandura). Learning Theories Knowledgebase.]])):
   * **Attention** - paying attention to demonstrated behavior is necessary to be able to learn it.
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 **The Bobo doll experiment** was also criticized for being too **artificial**(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=zlMLgKkSsYQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Durkin,+Kevin.+Developmental+social+psychology:+from+infancy+to+old+age&hl=hr&ei=RLRrTZ3yE86z8QOD84HyBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Durkin, Kevin. Developmental social psychology: from infancy to old age. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995.]])) and that if an adult was acting violently to a child, other children would not repeat the behavior; or that children were manipulated into repeating the aggressive behavior; or that children were only playing rather then aggressing the doll.
-Bandura's ideas on violent behavior acquisition through media were also subjected to criticisms. Some authors have found that watching television actually reduces the amount of aggressive behavior since children can relate themselves with characters involved in an violent act and release their violent thoughts(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=R5O0AAAAIAAJ|Feshbach, Seymour, and Singer, Robert D. Television and Aggression. Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers, 615 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California 94111, 1971.]])) (//Catharsis effect//).
+Bandura's ideas on violent behavior acquisition through media were also subjected to criticisms. Some authors have found that watching television actually reduces the amount of aggressive behavior since children can relate themselves with characters involved in an violent act and release their violent thoughts(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=R5O0AAAAIAAJ|Feshbach, Seymour, and Singer, Robert D. Television and Aggression. Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers, 615 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California 94111, 1971.]])) (the //Catharsis effect//).

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