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--- learning_theories:stage_theory_of_cognitive_development [2011/02/04 09:57]
jpetrovic
+++ learning_theories:stage_theory_of_cognitive_development [2011/02/04 11:25]
jpetrovic [Criticism]
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ===== What is the practical meaning of stage theory of cognitive development? =====
-  * **Sensorimotor stage** - Teaching an infant in this stage should be orientated on its sensorimotor system.
+Implications of Piaget's theory on the learning process address respecting the stage of the cognitive development of a child and adjusting teaching expectations to it. Suggestions for this are the following:
-  * **Preoperational stage** - Children can now actively engage in learning and exploring.
-  * **Preoperational stage** - Learning in this stage is facilitated through an opportunity to ask questions and get explanations which allow learner to mentally mentally manipulate information.
-  * **Formal operations** - Teaching for the adolescent may be wideranging because he'll be able to consider many possibilities from several perspectives.
+  * **Sensorimotor stage** - Teaching an infant in this stage should be orientated on its **sensorimotor system**.
+  * **Preoperational stage** - Children can now **actively** engage in **learning and exploring**.
+  * **Preoperational stage** - Learning in this stage is facilitated through an opportunity to ask **questions** and get **explanations** which allow learner to mentally mentally manipulate information.
+  * **Formal operations** - Teaching the adolescent expands in its dimensions as he is able to consider many possibilities from **several perspectives**.
+Piaget's theory also suggests that teachers should **value child's cognitive processes** which lead him to a conclusion as well as the conclusion, **encourage** him to learn for himself, but always **respect his current stage** in cognitive development and not make forced steps forward. What should also be taken into consideration is that although all children go through the same steps during their development, that do it at different rates. Educational process should therefore be more **focused on individuals and small groups** within a class than to the class as a whole unit.
 ===== Criticism =====
-Piaget's research methods were one of the main cause of criticism to his work, since he used a rather source sample composed of his own three children and children of
+Various criticisms of Piaget's work include:
+  * **Oversimplification of stages** - it has been shown that with help of training program children can learn some concepts even before reaching a particular stage. Piaget's stages are therefore **not as distinct** as he assumed.
+  * **Overlooking the effects of the students' cultural and social groups** - depending on social and cultural environment different aspects of child's development may be more or less valued than by Piaget.
+  * **Unscientific method** - Piaget based his conclusions on observations of a rather small number of children who do **not** necessarily form **a statistically representative sample**.
+It is often considered that Piaget's **experiments weren't designed carefully enough** to exclude other explanations, that he offered to **little evidence** for his theory and that he didn't address important questions like **social and motivational influences** on cognitive development.
 ===== Keywords and most important names =====
@@ Line 39: / Line 52: @@
 [[http://www.learning-theories.com/piagets-stage-theory-of-cognitive-development.html|Stage Theory of Cognitive Development (Piaget) at Learning Theories.]]
+[[http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2000/Piaget/begin.htm|Mental Development and Education.]]
 ===== Read more =====
+Lourenço, O. and Machado, A. In defense of Piaget's theory: A reply to ten common criticisms. 1996.

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