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memory_models:a_brief_history_of_human_memory_systems [2011/04/08 10:55] jpetrovic [One or two memory systems?] |
memory_models:a_brief_history_of_human_memory_systems [2011/05/10 13:14] jpetrovic [One or two memory systems?] |
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[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory|{{ :images:multistore_model.png|The multi-store model of Atkinson and Shiffrin. Image borrowed from: Wikipedia: Memory. Click on the picture to follow the link.}}]]The first more influential two component memory model was introduced in **1968** by **[[http://www.ucop.edu/pres/atkbio.html|Richard Atkinson]]** and **[[http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/people/homepages/shiffrin.html|Richard Shiffrin]]**((Atkinson, R.C. & Shiffrin, R.M. Chapter: Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In Spence, K.W.; Spence, J.T. The psychology of learning and motivation (Volume 2). New York: Academic Press. pp. 89–195. 1968.)). Their model called //Multi-store model// consisted of long-term and working or short-term memory model and was later improved by an additional component, the **//sensory memory//**. Sensory memory contains one register for each sense and serves as an short lasting buffer-zone before the information can enter short-term memory. Short-term memory is a temporal storage for new information before it enters long-term memory, but is also used for cognitive tasks, understanding and learning. | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory|{{ :images:multistore_model.png|The multi-store model of Atkinson and Shiffrin. Image borrowed from: Wikipedia: Memory. Click on the picture to follow the link.}}]]The first more influential two component memory model was introduced in **1968** by **[[http://www.ucop.edu/pres/atkbio.html|Richard Atkinson]]** and **[[http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/people/homepages/shiffrin.html|Richard Shiffrin]]**((Atkinson, R.C. & Shiffrin, R.M. Chapter: Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In Spence, K.W.; Spence, J.T. The psychology of learning and motivation (Volume 2). New York: Academic Press. pp. 89–195. 1968.)). Their model called //Multi-store model// consisted of long-term and working or short-term memory model and was later improved by an additional component, the **//sensory memory//**. Sensory memory contains one register for each sense and serves as an short lasting buffer-zone before the information can enter short-term memory. Short-term memory is a temporal storage for new information before it enters long-term memory, but is also used for cognitive tasks, understanding and learning. | ||
- | The thesis of two separate memory systems: the **long-term memory** and the **short-term memory** is today considered to be true. Some of the evidence for this thesis are: | + | The thesis of two separate memory systems: the **long-term memory** and the **short-term memory** is today considered to be true. Some of the evidence for this thesis are(([[http://web.missouri.edu/~cowann/documents/Cowan2008progressinbrainresearchSTMLTM.pdf|Cowan, N. What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? Progress in brain research 169: 323-338. 2008.]])): |
* **differences in capacity** (small for STM and large or unlimited for LTM), | * **differences in capacity** (small for STM and large or unlimited for LTM), | ||
- | * **difference in duration limits** (items in STM decay as a function of time, which is not a characteristic of LTM(([[http://web.missouri.edu/~cowann/documents/Cowan2008progressinbrainresearchSTMLTM.pdf|Cowan, N. What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? Progress in brain research 169: 323-338. 2008.]]))), | + | * **difference in duration limits** (items in STM decay as a function of time, which is not a characteristic of LTM), |
* **differences in retention speed** (very high for STM and possibly lower for LTM), | * **differences in retention speed** (very high for STM and possibly lower for LTM), | ||
* **differences in time to acquire information** (short for STM and longer for LTM), | * **differences in time to acquire information** (short for STM and longer for LTM), |