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memory_models:a_brief_history_of_human_memory_systems [2011/06/17 09:39] jpetrovic [One or two memory systems?] |
memory_models:a_brief_history_of_human_memory_systems [2011/06/30 12:36] jpetrovic [Early models and measures of memory] |
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- | ====== A Brief History of Human Memory Systems ====== | + | ====== A Brief History of Human Memory Systems Research ====== |
===== Early models and measures of memory ===== | ===== Early models and measures of memory ===== | ||
- | Some of the first notable noted research on human memory was conducted in 1890 by **[[http://www.hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton/exhibits/james/introduction.cfm|William James]]**. Based on his works, James assumed memory consists out of **two systems**: | + | Some of the first notable noted research on human memory was conducted in 1890 by **[[http://www.hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton/exhibits/james/introduction.cfm|William James]]**. Based on his research, James assumed memory consists out of **two systems**: |
* **primary memory**, which lasts for a **few seconds** and holds **in our consciousness** the perception of events in our environment, and | * **primary memory**, which lasts for a **few seconds** and holds **in our consciousness** the perception of events in our environment, and | ||
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* **time to acquire information** (short for STM and longer for LTM), | * **time to acquire information** (short for STM and longer for LTM), | ||
* **information encoding** (semantic for LTM and acoustic or visual for STM), and | * **information encoding** (semantic for LTM and acoustic or visual for STM), and | ||
- | * type of memory affected by physical injuries in patients((See: Milner, B. Amnesia following operation on the temporal lobes. In C.W.M. Whitty & O. L. Zangwill (eds), Amnesia. London: Butterworth, 1966. (damage of LTM without damaging STM), and Shallice, T. & Warrington, E.K. Independent functioning of verbal memory stores: a neuropsychological study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 261–273. 1970. (damaged STM with fully functioning LTM).)). | + | * type of memory affected by physical injuries in patients((See: //Milner, B. Amnesia following operation on the temporal lobes. In C.W.M. Whitty & O. L. Zangwill (eds), Amnesia. London: Butterworth, 1966.// (damage of LTM without damaging STM), and //Shallice, T. & Warrington, E.K. Independent functioning of verbal memory stores: a neuropsychological study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 261–273. 1970.// (damaged STM with fully functioning LTM), cited by [[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/get?md5=00b2fd0fb59c5de5704bb86e70a6871a|Baddeley, Alan D. The Psychology of Memory. In Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A. Wilson. The Handbook of Memory Disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, 2002.]])). |
Another term should be clarified here: the [[memory_models:human_working_memory|working memory]], which is often mistaken for the short-term memory. The main difference between these two is that working memory usually includes the structure and processes performed by a system in control of the short-term memory. | Another term should be clarified here: the [[memory_models:human_working_memory|working memory]], which is often mistaken for the short-term memory. The main difference between these two is that working memory usually includes the structure and processes performed by a system in control of the short-term memory. |