memory_models:human_working_memory
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memory_models:human_working_memory [2011/06/17 10:38] jpetrovic [Human working memory] |
memory_models:human_working_memory [2011/06/30 14:47] jpetrovic [Bibliography] |
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| **[[http://web.missouri.edu/~cowann/|Nelson Cowan]]** proposed a different model of working memory in **1988**((Cowan, N. An embedded-processes model of working memory. In [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=3EfghR4hQKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Models+of+working+memory:+Mechanisms+of+active+maintenance+and+executive+control&hl=hr&ei=UCabTfSCNsLP4wb49ZWDBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true|Miyake, Akira, and Priti Shah. Models of working memory: mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control. Cambridge University Press, 1999.]])), the **//embeded-process model of working memory//**. Unlike Baddeley's model, which is concerned with modularity and components of the working memory, Cowan offered a view oriented mostly on **underlying cognitive processes** which occur when solving a task like language comprehension or production, problem-solving, decision-making and other. | **[[http://web.missouri.edu/~cowann/|Nelson Cowan]]** proposed a different model of working memory in **1988**((Cowan, N. An embedded-processes model of working memory. In [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=3EfghR4hQKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Models+of+working+memory:+Mechanisms+of+active+maintenance+and+executive+control&hl=hr&ei=UCabTfSCNsLP4wb49ZWDBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true|Miyake, Akira, and Priti Shah. Models of working memory: mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control. Cambridge University Press, 1999.]])), the **//embeded-process model of working memory//**. Unlike Baddeley's model, which is concerned with modularity and components of the working memory, Cowan offered a view oriented mostly on **underlying cognitive processes** which occur when solving a task like language comprehension or production, problem-solving, decision-making and other. | ||
| - | {{ :images:cowan.jpg?680x400|}} Cowan's model consists of four elements: | + | [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=3EfghR4hQKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Models+of+working+memory:+Mechanisms+of+active+maintenance+and+executive+control&hl=hr&ei=UCabTfSCNsLP4wb49ZWDBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true|{{ :images:cowan.jpg?680x400|Image borrowed from: Cowan, N. Embeded-process model of working memory. In Miyake, Akira, and Priti Shah. Models of working memory: mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control. Cambridge University Press, 1999.}}]]Cowan's model consists of four elements: |
| * **central executive** (the top rectangle in the picture), | * **central executive** (the top rectangle in the picture), | ||
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| * the **focus of attention**. | * the **focus of attention**. | ||
| - | The active memory consists of parts of long-term memory needed to preform a cognitive task. Elements can be activated also voluntarily or involuntarily. The amount of simultaneously active elements is still an issue of debate, but without rehearsing, evidence show these elements remain active for about 10 - 20 seconds. Working memory holds all of these activated elements, but only about 4±1 of them can be in focus, what is decided by voluntarily or involuntarily attention switching using the central executive. | + | The activated memory consists of parts of long-term memory needed to preform or related to a cognitive task. Elements can be activated voluntarily or involuntarily. The amount of simultaneously active elements is still an issue of debate, but without rehearsing it has been shown that elements remain active for about 10 - 20 seconds. Working memory holds all of these activated elements, but only about 4±1 of them can be in focus, what is decided by voluntarily or involuntarily attention switching using the central executive. |
| Just like in Atkinson and Shiffrin model, the ingoing information is first stored in the sensory memory. Sensory information then activates certain elements inside the long-term memory. In his model, Cowan does not address the issue of processing information of different modality like Baddeley. | Just like in Atkinson and Shiffrin model, the ingoing information is first stored in the sensory memory. Sensory information then activates certain elements inside the long-term memory. In his model, Cowan does not address the issue of processing information of different modality like Baddeley. | ||
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| ===== Bibliography ===== | ===== Bibliography ===== | ||
| - | Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. | + | [[http://www.scribd.com/doc/23614478/The-Rise-of-Homo-Sapiens-The-Evolution-of-Modern-Thinking|Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.]] |
| [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=8CqAOacPkiQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Ged%C3%A4chtnis%22+Gruber&hl=hr&ei=4yKbTc3dHcff4wa06cTeBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Gruber, Thomas. Gedächtnis. VS Verlag, 2010.]] | [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=8CqAOacPkiQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Ged%C3%A4chtnis%22+Gruber&hl=hr&ei=4yKbTc3dHcff4wa06cTeBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Gruber, Thomas. Gedächtnis. VS Verlag, 2010.]] | ||
memory_models/human_working_memory.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
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