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-====== Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory ======
-Cognitive apprenticeship theory is an instructional design model that emerged from situated cognition theory and was firstly introduced by Collins, Brown, and Newman in 1989. In their work "Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics" the authors wrote:
-"We propose an alternative model of instruction that is accessible within the framework of the typical American classroom. It is a model of instruction that goes back to apprenticeship but incorporates elements of schooling. We call this model "cognitive apprenticeship"."
-Cognitive apprenticeship is a way of **learning through an experience guided by an expert**. Learning is here defined as naturally tied to activity, context, and
-culture and that should therefore be learning context.
-"Cognitive" refers to the fact that this learning model is **orientated more on cognitive than on physical skills**, that are usually associated with apprenticeship. According to mentioned work of Collins and others, methods of cognitive apprenticeship include:
-  * **Modeling** - includes analysis of skills and strategies involved in the task and **expert's presentation of the task** from which learners should build conceptual models of required processes
-  * **Coaching** - **learners try to perform the task** while expert offers them advice, reminders and hints
-  * **Articulation** - expert helps **learners** to **articulate their reasoning and knowledge**
-  * **Reflection** - **comparison** of ways problem has been approached between learners or learners and expert
-  * **Exploration** - **students** are encouraged to try to **solve a problem by themselves**
-===== Bibliography =====
-[[http://udel.edu/~jconway/EDST666.htm|Educational Technology.]]
-Collins, Allan, Brown, J. S. and Newman, S. E. Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the Craft of Reading, Writing, and Mathematics. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986.
-[[http://www.edtech.vt.edu/edtech/id/models/powerpoint/cog.pdf|Oliver, K. Situated Cognition & Cognitive Apprenticeships. Presentation, 1999.]]
-===== Read more =====
-Idol, L., Beau, F. J. Educational values and cognitive instruction: implications for reform. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory (U.S.). Routledge, 1991.

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