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--- instructional_design:goal_based_scenarios [2011/05/11 08:29]
jpetrovic [What are goal-based scenarios?]
+++ instructional_design:goal_based_scenarios [2023/06/19 16:03] (current)
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 Essential elements of a goal-based scenario are(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=AbJc4Kg6XQoC&pg=PA161&dq=Schank+%22learning+by+doing%22&hl=hr&ei=bUTKTZDhFJGbOqunodMH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=4&ved=0CEMQuwUwAw#v=onepage&q=Schank%20%22learning%20by%20doing%22&f=false|Schank, R. C., T. R. Berman, and K. A. Macpherson. Learning by doing. In Instructional-design theories and models: Vol. 2, a  new paradigm of instructional theory, p161-181. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999.]])):
-  * Learning goals - target skills that students should learn. They can refer to procedural or declarative knowledge.
+  * **Learning goals** - target skills that students should learn. They can refer to procedural or declarative knowledge.
-  * Mission - motivational and realistic objective students will pursue.
+  * **Mission** - motivational and realistic objective students will pursue.
-  * Cover story - a motivating story that will create and explain the need for the mission.
+  * **Cover story** - a motivating story that will create and explain the need for the mission.
-  * Role - the character a student will play. It has to require target skills.
+  * **Role** - the character a student will play. It has to require target skills.
-  * Scenario operations - all activities students will perform in order to fulfill the mission.
+  * **Scenario operations** - all activities students will perform in order to fulfill the mission.
-  * Resources - well organized and accessible information sources students will need to acquire target skills.
+  * **Resources** - well organized and accessible information sources students will need to acquire target skills.
-  * Feedback - must be provided just in time by and expert in form of coaching, consequence of actions or stories about similar experiences.
+  * **Feedback** - must be provided just in time by and expert in form of coaching, consequence of actions or stories about similar experiences.
+Proponents of goal-based scenarios emphasize the effect goal-based scenarios have on motivation and thereby enhance learning. One of the conducted studies(([[http://www.sbg.ac.at/mediaresearch/zumbach/download/1999_2006/book_chapters/zumbach_bookc_02.pdf|Zumbach, J., and P. Reimann. Assessment of a goal-based scenario approach: A hypermedia comparison. Internet-based teaching and learning (IN-TELE) 98: 449–454. 1999.]])) for example found positive effects on learning of a hypertext presented information source embedded in a goal-based scenario compared to classical tutorial or just the hypertext.
 ===== What is the practical meaning of goal-based scenarios? =====
@@ Line 42: / Line 39: @@
 In 1991 [[http://www.rogerschank.com/biography-part2.html|Roger Schank]] created a goal-based scenario named **"Broadcast News"**. This multimedia environment including facilities for editing text and video, old newspapers articles and newscasts, reference works, a teleprompter, video camera, and a computer-controlled VCR enables students to work on a virtual newscast, develop story lines using information from a database (usually from a day before), and compare them with a real newscast for the same event. As the result, students have eventually developed adequate skills to deliver the news as professionals.
+For an example of implementation of a computer implementation of goal-based scenarios see work of Qiu and Riesbeck(([[http://www.cs.oswego.edu/~lqiu/indie/publications/e-learn2002.pdf|Qiu, L., and C. K Riesbeck. Open Goal-Based Scenarios: An Architecture for Hybrid Learning Environments. In Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (E-Learn), Montreal, Canada, 2002.]])).
 ===== Criticisms =====
+A recent study of goal-based scenarios(([[http://www.jaidpub.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Hsu-Moore-Apr2011.pdf|Hsu, Chung-Yuan, and David Richard Moore. Formative research on the goal-based scenario model applied to computer delivery and simulation. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design 1, no. 1: 13-24. April 2011.]])) indicated that users of this method of learning would benefit from worked examples, detailed positive or negative feedback and small-group discussions of open-ended questions. Yet these are mostly proven methods of guided cognitivist learning approaches which often contribute less to motivation but more to learning outcomes.
 ===== Keywords and most important names =====
-  * **Goal-based scenarios**
+  * **Goal-based scenarios**, **learning goals**
   * [[http://www.google.hr/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCsQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerschank.com%2F&rct=j&q=Roger%20C.%20Schank&ei=n0bJTZ_0J4jpOdmwodAH&usg=AFQjCNHjy3-XlPBqLalctMxKl70XyxVkWw&cad=rja|Roger Schank]]
 ===== Bibliography =====
@@ Line 58: / Line 57: @@
 ===== Read more =====
-Schank, R.C., Fano, A., Bell, B. and Jona, M. The Design of Goal-Based Scenarios. The Journal of the Learning Sciences. Vol. 3:4, pp. 305-345. 1993-1994.
+[[http://www.jstor.org/pss/1466619|Schank, R.C., Fano, A., Bell, B. and Jona, M. The Design of Goal-Based Scenarios. The Journal of the Learning Sciences. Vol. 3:4, pp. 305-345. 1993-1994.]]
-Padmanabhan, Poornima P. Goal-based Scenarios. Technical Communication, Vol. 56, No. 2., p132-136. May 2009.
+[[http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-68349093977&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Goal-based+scenarios%3a+An+approach+to+online+instruction+and+training&sid=5T5dcE2pa7IW3zwRAC70r5F%3a130&sot=q&sdt=b&sl=88&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Goal-based+scenarios%3a+An+approach+to+online+instruction+and+training%29&relpos=0&relpos=0&searchTerm=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Goal-based%20scenarios:%20An%20approach%20to%20online%20instruction%20and%20training%29|Padmanabhan, Poornima P. Goal-based scenarios: An approach to online instruction and training. Technical Communication, Vol. 56, No. 2., p132-136. May 2009.]]
-Abelson, Robert P. and Schank, Roger C. Beliefs, reasoning, and decision making: psycho-logic in honor of Bob Abelson. Psychology Press. 1994.

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