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--- memory_models:human_working_memory [2011/08/29 12:57]
jpetrovic [Human working memory]
+++ memory_models:human_working_memory [2023/06/19 16:03] (current)
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
   * "//use of attention to manage short-term memory//".
-What is mostly common to these definitions is that they address working memory as the system which manipulates information from STM, (but sometimes also LTM)((See: [[Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.]])). As this system is one of the key components in the process of knowledge acquisition, the most commonly discussed working memory models of Baddeley and Cowan will be briefly discussed here.
+What is mostly common to these definitions is that they address working memory as the system which manipulates information from STM, (but sometimes also LTM)((See: Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.)). As this system is one of the key components in the process of knowledge acquisition, the most commonly discussed working memory models of Baddeley and Cowan will be briefly discussed here.
 === Baddeley's model of working memory ===
-Based on experiments demonstrating connections between LTM and STM, as well as experiments indicating that STM consists of more components, **[[http://www.york.ac.uk/psychology/staff/faculty/ab50/|Alan Baddeley]]** and **[[http://www.york.ac.uk/res/wml/ghitch.html|Graham Hitch]]** proposed a multi-component //working memory// model in **1974**(([[http://dionysus.psych.wisc.edu/Lit/Articles/BaddeleyA1974a.pdf|Baddeley, A. D., Hitch, G. J. Working Memory. In Bower, G.A. The psychology of learning and motivation: advances in research and theory. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 47–89. 1974.]])). The new term //working memory// was supposed to emphasize the importance of this system in cognitive processing.(([[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/get?md5=00b2fd0fb59c5de5704bb86e70a6871a|Baddeley, Alan D. The Psychology of Memory. In Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A. Wilson. The Handbook of Memory Disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, 2002.]])) Baddeley and Hitch suggested working memory is composed of three parts: the **central executive**, a system that controls the **phonological loop** (a subsystem for remembering phonological information such as language by constant refreshing through repetition in the loop), and the **visuospatial sketch pad** (a subsystem for storing visual information).
+Based on experiments demonstrating connections between LTM and STM, as well as experiments indicating that STM consists of more components, **[[http://www.york.ac.uk/psychology/staff/faculty/ab50/|Alan Baddeley]]** and **[[http://www.york.ac.uk/res/wml/ghitch.html|Graham Hitch]]** proposed a multi-component //working memory// model in **1974**(([[http://dionysus.psych.wisc.edu/Lit/Articles/BaddeleyA1974a.pdf|Baddeley, A. D., Hitch, G. J. Working Memory. In Bower, G.A. The psychology of learning and motivation: advances in research and theory. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 47–89. 1974.]])). The new term //working memory// was supposed to emphasize the importance of this system in cognitive processing.(([[http://dionysus.psych.wisc.edu/Lit/Articles/BaddeleyA1974a.pdf|Baddeley, A. D., Hitch, G. J. Working Memory. In Bower, G.A. The psychology of learning and motivation: advances in research and theory. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 47–89. 1974.]] cited by [[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/get?md5=00b2fd0fb59c5de5704bb86e70a6871a|Baddeley, Alan D. The Psychology of Memory. In Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A. Wilson. The Handbook of Memory Disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, 2002.]])) Baddeley and Hitch suggested working memory is composed of three parts: the **central executive**, a system that controls the **phonological loop** (a subsystem for remembering phonological information such as language by constant refreshing through repetition in the loop), and the **visuospatial sketch pad** (a subsystem for storing visual information).
 This model was later revised and improved by Baddeley(([[http://www.wheaton.edu/psychology/undergrad/faculty/phinney/Psy772Readings2006/Baddeley2002EurPsyc.pdf|Baddeley, A. D. Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, 11:851–64. 2001.]]))(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=mU9lz8fu4VgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Working+Memory,+Thought,+and+Action&hl=hr&ei=XCqbTf-rO83z4Qayl5ibBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|Baddeley, A. D. Working Memory, Thought, and Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.]])) but also contributed by other authors((See: [[http://www.scribd.com/doc/23614478/The-Rise-of-Homo-Sapiens-The-Evolution-of-Modern-Thinking|Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.]])), which resulted in additional component of **episodic buffer**(([[http://www.nbu.bg/cogs/events/2002/materials/Markus/ep_bufer.pdf|Baddeley, A. D. The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Science, 4:417–23. 2000.]])) in year **2000** and more detailed functions and analysis of other components, as described in table below.

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