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-===== Structural Learning =====
-Structural learning theory is one of the [[cognitivism|cognitist]] perspectives on instructional design proposed by [[http://www.scandura.com/|Joseph Scandura]]. Scandura's theory suggests **problem solving and knowledge acquisition through developing of higher and lower order rules**. New rules are learned through application off higher to lower order rules.
-In accordance with structural learning theory, first step in instructional design or learning is **definition of the problem domain through structural analysis**. Problem domain can be both well- and ill-defined (when rules are quite simple, yet there is no direct complete solution like chess, or poetry writing). In case of an ill-defined domain, it should be divided into well-defined sub-domains which generate at least one rule. Domain sets the inputs and desired outputs for problem solving.
-Domain definition is followed by **construction of hierarchy of rules** for well-defined domains. Rules should be explained on prototype problems, but can also leave some **gaps** in problem solving procedure, which **are then converted into higher-order problems** containing gap rules. Higher-order rules are then used to fill the gap, but can also validate lower level rules.
-An important part of the theory is also **prior knowledge (rules)** of the learner, that will **enable construction of new rules**. This knowledge can be examined by instructor, that can be both human or artificial.

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