Cognition

in psychology, the process by which one recognizes and understands things

Comprehension

an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something1) Source: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=comprehension

Discrimination learning theory

a theory of the process by which animals or people learn to respond differently to different stimuli

Distributed representation

connectionist principle in which meaning is not contained within a single symbolic unit, but is formed by an interaction of a set of units

find out more: Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind

Gestalt

a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described just as a sum of its parts

Insightful learning

learning that results in perceiving the solution to a problem after a period of cognitive trial and error

learner is required to have all elements of the problem available in order to be able to learn by insight

Journal

a scholarly periodical containing original research articles aimed at researchers or specialists

Magazine

a periodical aimed at the general public, which contains news, opinion and personal narratives

Paradigm

a set of ideas that are used for understanding or explaining something, especially in a particular subject

a typical example or model of something

Schema

a mental framework humans use to represent and organize remembered information

they enable us to recall, modify our behavior, or try to predict most likely outcomes of events

Structuralism

a theory founded by Edward Titchener in the end of 19th/beginning of 20th century

focused on breaking down mental processes into simple elements

Theory

one or more ideas that explain how or why something happens

the set of general principles that a particular subject is based on

Transfer of practice

(or transfer of learning) a term coined by Thorndike and Woodworth2) Thorndike, E. L. and Woodworth, R. S. The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. Psychological Review, 8, 247-261. 1901. , referring to the generalization of knowledge and transfer of it from one context to another