Opposing to behaviorism and cognitivism, learning paradigms which begin from a point of view that world external to the learner is objective and real and the learner needs to map it's principles and facts, constructivism as a learning paradigm focuses on the assumption that learning is an active process in which the learner constructs his own interpretation and meaning of the objective reality mostly from his prior knowledge and experience.

Constructivism, developed somewhat later in the 20th century, views learning as a process of creating meaning from experience. Humans create meaning from experience rather than acquire it. Construction of new knowledge is the objective of learning which occurs through interaction of learners prior knowledge and experience.

• Case-Based Learning
• Cognitive Apprenticeship (Collins et al.)

Ertmer PA, Newby TJ. Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly. 1993;6(4):50–72.

Constructivism at Learning Theories.